腎臟移植病人的生活品質及影響因素之探討

Exploration of Quality of Life and its Related Factors among Kidney Transplant Recipients

腎臟移植手術是末期腎臟疾病病人的治療方式之一，由於手術技術及免疫抑制藥物治療的發展，提升了病人的存活，同時也使得促進生活品質成為另一個關注的重點。本研究的目的在探討腎臟移植手術後病人生活品質的情形以及影響因素，為一橫斷式調查法，以自製的問卷及MOS SF-36生活品質量表為主要調查工具，研究地點為北部某醫學中心，自2005年8月20日到2006年2月30日共收集90位滿18歲以上、術後情況穩定的腎臟移植手術病人。研究結果顯示病人的生活品質以「身體功能」得分最高，以「一般健康」最低，症狀困擾為生活品質的主要影響因子，症狀困擾越高，生活品質各層面得分越低；而自我效能越高，「活力」得分越高，有就業者會有較佳的「身體功能」、「身體角色」及「社會功能」。期待本研究結果可以做為未來研究及照護的參考。

Kidney transplantation is one of the treatment choices for patients with end-stage renal disease. The survival rate has dramatically increased during this decade because of improved operation technique and immune-suppressive therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of life and its related factors among kidney transplant recipients. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 90 adult kidney-transplant recipients. Data were collected on quality of life by the Medical Outcomes Scale SF-36 (Chinese version). Relationships among variables were analysed by multiple linear regression. The data were collected over a 6 months period from Aug. 2005 to Feb. 2006. Results showed that score of the “physical function” was the best and the “general health” was poorest among the 8 subscales of quality of life. Symptom distress was negatively associated with all of the subscales of quality of life. Self-efficacy was positively associated with vitality. Patients who were employed had better “physical function”, “physical-role”, and “social function”. The results will serve as a reference framework for future study and clinical care.