腦中風吞嚥困難患者的語言治療與護理

The Speech Therapy and Nursing Care for Stroke Patients with Dysphagia

吞嚥困難是腦中風患者常見的障礙之一，除將造成病患無法正常飲食、營養不佳、易有吸入情形常導致肺炎等問題外，嚴重者甚至將危及其生命安全。臨床上常見中風後吞嚥困難的症狀包括：流口水、咀嚼不完整、進餐時口中的食物外漏、須吞嚥數次才吞得下、進餐時間長、一吃或喝完食物就咳嗽或嗆咳等。經由語言治療與護理措施，如調理食物成容易吞嚥的材質、進食時保持容易吞嚥的姿勢、進食時不要說話等，將有效改善患者中風後吞嚥困難的問題。

Swallowing mechanism seems to be not working normally for people who have had a stroke. People with dysphagia may experience malnutrition, pneumonia caused by aspiration, and even death at the worst. The clinical signs and symptoms include: slobber, incomplete chewing, meal leak, slow swallowing, long haul dining, and coughing or choking when eating or finished drinking. Treatments by giving speech therapy, thickening foods preparation, keeping facilitated swallowing posture, and keeping no talking when eating, may effectively improve the swallowing problems.