醫學中心精神科護理人員自覺職業危害之探討

Perceived Occupational Hazards of Psychiatric Nurses in Medical Centers

本研究主要目的是探討精神科護理人員自覺職業危害的現況，採橫斷式研究設計，針對全台之北、中、南、東部，以立意取樣共得8家醫學中心之精神科護理人員，以自擬結構式問卷收集資料，共得到148份有效問卷，回收率96.15%，研究資料以SPSS 10.0套裝軟體做描述性及推論性統計分析。結果顯示精神科護理人員自覺職業危害，不論是認知或頻率方面，平均分數由高到低均是「生物、化學、物理危害」、「人因工程危害」、及「心理社會危害」，其中自覺職業危害認知方面以工作輪班造成的生理問題分數最高，自覺職業危害頻率方面則是以照護人格障礙中操縱行為感到困擾的分數最高。研究對象自覺職業危害與基本屬性並未達到統計上的顯著差異。本研究結果可提供精神科護理人員自我察覺職業危害現況，及醫療行政機構改善職場環境及政策之參考，藉此促進護理人員職場健康。

The purpose of this study was to explore the occupational hazards which psychiatric nurses perceived. This research applied the cross-sectional survey method. Samples were selected from nurses in medical centers in northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. Data were collected by a selfadministered structured questionnaire. One hundred and forty eight (95.15%) valid samples were collected and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 statistical program. The results showed that, from the highest to the lowest, the perceived occupational hazards were bio-chemistry and physics, human factor, and psychological hazards. Among cognition of perceived occupational hazards, the sleeping disturbance induced by shift work was the highest. The most troublesome perceived occupational hazard was caring of the patient with manipulative behavior. No significance was found between the demographic variables and perceived occupational hazards. The results can be a reference for psychiatric nurses understanding their occupational hazards. In addition, healthcare organization and administration also need to improve the quality of working environment.