認識禽流感

Avian Influenza

自從1997年香港爆發禽流感病毒疫情以來，已超過200個人類感染禽流感，其中高病原性H5N1病毒的致死率超過五成，而基因的突變及重組可能引發大流行。目前使用的M2蛋白抑制劑類的治療藥物，其抗藥株已經出現在臨床案例中，而神經胺酸抑制劑藥物的功效仍需更多的研究來證實。本文就目前的致病因子與傳染途徑、感染症狀、實驗室診斷、流行病學、處置、照護與預防做一回顧。

Since the 1997 outbreak of avian influenza in Hong Kong, more than 200 human cases were infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. The poultry to human transmission has been reported with more than 50% fatality. The mutant and reassortant virus may lead to an influenza pandemic. The emergence of resistance to adamantanes in clinical cases was proved and the effectiveness of neuramineidase inhibitors needed more study to confirm. In this article, the virology, infection route, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, nursing care, and prevention of avian influenza were reviewed.