日本勞動委員會不當勞動行為救濟命令之裁量權基準法理與演進

On the Standard and Evolution of Order-for-relief of Japanese Unfair Labor Practice Act

我國自2011年5月1日公布施行之新集體勞動三法，導入了美日兩國施行多年的不當勞動行為制度，而開啟了集體勞資關係法秩序保障法制的新局。日本作為我國不當勞動行為制度的被繼受國，經過長達60餘年的勞動委員會實務與判例實務累積，對於救濟命令作成時之裁量權行使方法與界限，已經形成穩定且類型化的制度運作模式以及命令作成法理。本文擬嘗試在對日本不當勞動行為救濟命令的裁量權基準法理進行概觀性的考察研究後，作成總括性之研究成果提出。並且進一步嘗試分析救濟命令法理的演進過程，以解釋日本不當勞動行為制度在作為一個繼受的、準司法的行政救濟制度上，發展的難題以及演進的全貌，期待得給予臺灣甫上路實行的不當勞動行為裁決制度在比較法上之參照與啟示。

Taiwan implemented the new collective labor law since May 1, 2011, which imported the unfair labor practice system applied many years of United States and Japan, opened a new era of the Collective Labour Relations Act. Japan, as our system of unfair labor practice successors country, accumulated up to 60 years of practice and jurisprudence of the Labor Committee of Practice, the exercise of discretion made for order-for-relief method and Boundary has been the formation of a stable type of system operation mode and command made jurisprudence. This paper try the order-for-relief discretion benchmark jurisprudence in the unfair labor practice in Japan for an overview of the research, made inclusive of research. And further attempts to analyze the evolution of jurisprudence relief command to explain the Japanese system of unfair labor practice, This paper is looking forward to Taiwan in comparison method of reference and inspiration.