西田幾多郎與牟宗三：跨文化倫理學說的可能性

Nishida Kitarō and Mou Zongsan: The Possibility of Transcultural Ethical Discourses

本文旨於研探現代日本和中國哲學代表人物──西田幾多郎（1870-1945）與牟宗三（1909-1995）的跨文化倫理學說。顧名思義，這篇文章是從「跨文化」角度，而非一種意帶民族主義或本質主義的「間文化」進路來檢視西田和牟的倫理學說。故此，這篇文章亦非單純是「日本」和「中國」哲學的比較，而是察看西田和牟在倫理學說上的「跨文化」元素。以「跨文化」的方法闡述西田和牟的倫理學說，不單是一種方法論的反思，更是展現兩者倫理學說深廣度的一種良策。對此，本文的關注是：一、在眾多的現代日中哲學人物中，選擇西田幾多郎和牟宗三作為研究對象的理由，二、針對「跨文化」的進路，選擇兩者的倫理學說作為討論軸心的原因，三、西田和牟在跨文化倫理學說上的可能性，四、西田和牟的跨文化倫理學說的哲學意義，特別是針對日中哲學的境遇。

This paper attempts to explore the potential of transcultural ethical discourses addressed by Nishida Kitarō (1870-1945) and Mou Zongsan (1909- 1995), the two representative figures of contemporary Japanese and Chinese philosophy. In so saying, this paper does not takes a 'comparative' approach, which somewhat entails a kind of 'nationalism' or 'essentialism,' but rather employs a 'transcultural' method. In other words, this essay is not a 'comparative' study between 'Japanese' and 'Chinese' philosophy. By adopting a 'transcultural' approach, it is not merely a methodological reflection, but rather an indubitable strategy to unveil the potential of the ethical discourses posited by Nishida and Mou. Our concerns are, first, why do we pick up Nishida and Mou among the many others? Second, why do we put our focus on the ethical discourses of Nishida and Mou in respect of a 'transcultural' approach? Third, how far have Nishida and Mou denoted the transcultural ethical discourses, and fourth, what philosophical insights do Nishida's and Mou's trancultural ethical discourses convey, especially in the context of Japanese and Chinese philosophy.