黎文敔《周易究原》與其儒學解釋

Le Van Ngu's Chu Dich Cứu Nguyen and Interpretation of Confucianism

本論文討論十九世紀末、二十世紀初越南儒者黎文敔《周易究原》一書對中國《周易》的解釋特色。論文的問題意識主要有三：（一）十八世紀後越南儒學的發展與朱子學是否有緊密的關係？（二）《周易究原》中的宇宙生成論（cosmogony）有何特色，其思想的來源是什麼？（三）《周易究原》中的宇宙生成論如何成為黎文敔解釋《論語》、《大學》、《中庸》的基礎，而形成他對儒學的整體意見。本文的主要結論有二：（一）十八世紀後的越南儒學並未像朝鮮及日本儒學受到朱子學的強大影響，疏於哲學理論而有實用化的傾向。（二）黎文敔的儒學解釋主要在於「以人合天」，因此他所構想的倫理學實與《周易究原》中的宇宙生成論密不可分。除此之外，黎文敔的宇宙生成論也嘗試採取中、西方的學術觀點，以建構一個可以解釋當代光電科技發展的理論體系。

This paper discusses the interpretation of the Zhouyi (周易) offered in the exegetical work Chu Dich Cứu Nguyen (周易究原) by the late 19th/early 20th century Vietnamese Confucian scholar Le Van Ngu (黎文敔). Three issues are dealt with here: (1) Is there a close connection between the development of Vietnamese Confucianism after the 18th century and Zhuzi's system of thought? (2) What are the origins and the characteristic features of the cosmogony found in the Chu Dich Cứu Nguyen? (3) How does the cosmogony in this work set the basis for Le's interpretation so the Analects, the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean shape his overall understanding of Confucianism? This paper finds that: (1) the development of Confucianism in Vietnam after the 18th century did not, unlike in Korea and Japan, come under the strong influence of Zhuzi's system of thought and sacrifice philosophical theorizing for a greater emphasis on practicality. (2) Le's interpretation of Confucianism revolves around the idea of 'conforming man with Heaven'; as such, his moral philosophy is inseparable from the cosmogony of the Chu Dich Cứu Nguyen. Likewise, Le's cosmogony attempts to combine Chinese and Western views to build a theoretical system capable of explaining developments in contemporary optical and electrical technology.