「易屍還魂」的變調――論魯迅小說人物的體格、精神與民族身分

The Shift of “Bartering the Body for the Soul”: The Physique, Spirit, and National Identity of Characters in Lu Xun’s Novels

本文探討魯迅小說人物的呈現策略，以及這種書寫背後隱藏的文化流變。首先，本文以魯迅的敘事及論述結構中經常出現的「體格」與「精神」為切入點，思考他選擇怎樣的「身體」代表中國人？我們尚可深入探問：「精神∕體格」為何與如何出現於他的論述結構？本文進而追溯晚清掀起的國體∕身體的論辯，觀察魯迅對此一論辯命題的接收及改寫。接著，本文反思與追究魯迅的「精神∕體格」論在其小說中實踐的方式；亦即，他如何在小說敘事中挪用「體格」與「精神」。最後，本文將從小說人物展現的體格與精神面貌，探討魯迅的民族身分的再現策略。

This article discusses the strategies of representation in Lu Xun's novels, as well as the shifts in cultural tradition that underlie these modes of writing. It takes as its starting point the ”physique” (tige) and the ”spirit” (jingshen) that pervade so many of Lu Xun's narratives, and asks what kind of ”body” Lu chose as representative of the Chinese. The article further inquires the function of the ”spiritual/physical” in the structure of the narratives, the reasons for them, and Lu Xun's creative adaptation and rewriting of the (national) body theme-a theme that has appeared in the late Qing. That is: how does the ”spirit/body” duality find expression in his novels, and how does he appropriate the ”physical” and the ”spiritual” in these narratives? Finally, the article assesses the strategies employed by Lu Xun for the representation of national identity, as seen from the ”physical” and ”spiritual” outlook of the characters in his novels.