空間認知風格與空間刺激反應配對形式對選擇反應作業績效之影響

The Effects of Individual Spatial Cognitive Styles and Spatial Stimulus-Response Pairing Patterns on Choice Reaction Time

本研究之目的，旨在探討空間認知個別化差異與空間刺激反應配對形式差異，對現代化控制室之空間刺激反應作業反應績效之影響。本研究之實驗採用2（空間認知風格）×2（空間刺激反應配對形式）之split-plot設計。空間認知個別化差異，以Riding設計之電腦化Cognitive Styles Analysis （CSA）測驗所判定之場地獨立（field-independent）與場地依賴 （field-dependent）等兩空間認知風格定義之。而空間刺激反應配對形式，以一致性刺激反應配對作業與非一致性刺激反應配對作業定義之。實驗結果顯示，空間認知風格與空間刺激反應配對形式等兩實驗變數，對受測者之作業反應績效均產生影響。其中，場地依賴認知風格者，受空間反應刺激配對作業形式差異之影響，要比場地獨立認知風格者所受的影響來得大。此顯示，空間認知形式不同者，在空間刺激反應作業中會有不同的作業績效表現。因此，建議應審慎評估，挑選操作現代化控制室之空間刺激反應配對作業的操作人員。

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of both individual spatial cognitive styles and spatial stimulus-response （S-R） patterns on average choice reaction time. The experiment employed a 2 （individual spatial cognitive styles） ×2 （spatial S-R pairing patterns） split-plot design. The individual spatial cognitive styles used field-dependent-independent （FDI） cognitive styles that were tested with Riding's computer-administered Cognitive Styles Analysis （CSA）. The spatial S-R pairing patterns used correspondent spatial S-R pairing task and non-correspondent spatial S-R pairing task. Analysis of variance showed that both individual spatial cognitive styles and spatial S-R pairing patterns were significant. Further, it was found that the difference in the FD participants' performances between the two different spatial S-R pairing pattern tasks varied more significantly than the difference in the FI participants' performances （the FD participants performed significantly more slowly than the FI participants in the non-correspondent spatial S-R pairing task than in the correspondent spatial S-R pairing task）. This indicates that spatial-cognitive individuals performed differently in different spatial S-R pairing pattern tasks, and demonstrates the important role of selecting operator for spatial S-R pairing tasks, especially in the advanced control room.