住屋空間構成與母系家庭傳承之關連——以雲南母系摩梭人住屋為例

Interaction between Spatial Structure of Dwellings and Continuity of Matriarchal Families-A Case Study on Dwellings of Mo-so People

雲南省摩梭人的聚落建築是目前仍保存母系家庭之稀少案例。本研究透過落水下村住屋之實地調查，經由文獻調查、建築空間繪製與訪談紀錄，針對各戶內部空間之使用方式，特別是家人睡寢位置之分析，探討內在組織原則與空間構成之關連，以及空間構成確立後，生活行為之實際狀況，進而確認在外來影響下傳承與變遷的狀況。研究成果得知摩梭人住屋基於其社會規範與習俗，建立空間構成上男女各有歸屬的特色。過去，雖然歷經外來的影響，即使有的家庭也曾轉為父系傳家，但仍自然的回復母系家庭。由住屋空間構成與生活行為之相互調整變化的過程來看，建議在今後的規劃設計中，如能保存其文化內涵所形成之空間特質，應可提高傳承文化多樣性的機會。

Mo-so people's dwellings in Yun-nan are precious witness of matriarchal families. This paper takes Luo-shui lower village as an example to illustrate the spatial structure of dwellings and the situation of the use of each space, especially the male's and female's sleeping place. The methodology is based on a review of literature, architectural survey, and interviews, to make clear the interaction between organizational principles and morphological forms during the decades. Further, the authors attempt to look at how the continuity and transformation were seen under the impacts and interactions by outer rulers, introduced religions. It is known that Mo-so people had established their own dwellings on the basis of their social norms and customs with distinctive features in spatial structure between male and female. Although some matriarchal families of Mo-so people transited to paternal families; still they returned back naturally to matriarchal families as we may see. Looking at the procedure of adaptation, it can be suggested that there will be a better opportunity for maintaining the cultural diversity if the cultural features of the spatial structure are kept in the development plan and design.