自費安養機構中高齡者休閒行為活動領域之研究——以臺南地區三家安養中心為例

A Study on the Territory of Leisure Behavior for the Elderly in Senior Apartment-By the Cases of Three Senior Apartment in Tainan Area

了解入居高齡者休閒行為的類型，並探究影響其活動領域的相關因素是規劃設計自費安養機構休閒活動空間及設備的重要課題。本篇論文選擇涵蓋設置區位種類最廣的台南地區做為調查地點，包含市中心、市郊及縣郊區三家不同設置區位的自費安養機構，對入居高齡者及機構經營管理者進行深入訪談，並追蹤觀察紀錄高齡者進行日常休閒行為之狀況，從高齡者個人屬性特徵、休閒空間與設備、機構設置區位、休閒服務政策等四個軸次，分析探討其對自費安養機構之高齡者休閒行為活動領域的正負向影響因素。本研究主要研究目的有以下三點：（1）了解自費安養機構中老人休閒行為的進行場所與活動內容，分析其休閒行為活動領域的類型；（2）分別從高齡者個人屬性特徵、機構休閒空間與設備、機構服務政策及設置區位四個軸次，分析影響高齡者休閒行為活動領域的因素；（3）分析不同身心機能高齡者的休閒需求，最後提出自費安養設施在休閒活動空間及設備之規劃設計、休閒服務政策、設置區位之建議。從研究結果中我們有以下幾項發現：（1）自費安養機構中老人休閒行為的活動領域可分為寢室型、樓層型、機構型及社區型等四種類型；（2）入居高齡者本身的生活自理能力為影響休閒行為活動領域的主要因素；（3）寢室單元建議明確劃分私密空間與半私密空間，「廳房分離的住戶單元」設計概念較「單一套房式」理想；（4）公共及半公共空間的休閒設備需考量日常生活自理能力輕中度高齡者的需求，加強戶外無障礙環境的落實；（5）經營單位必需提供購物交通車等服務，並定期舉辦各類休閒活動，但必須避免「服務過剩」；（6）豐富的社區鄰里資源對於完全獨立到中度失能老人的休閒行為領域的延伸皆有不同程度的幫助，但應確保移動路徑的安全。

In order to understand the reality demand and current status in leisure environments for the elderly in senior apartment, and get some guidelines for designing senior apartment in the future, we occurred this study by the view of leisure activities territory, to confer the factors and reality condition that limit the activities territory for the elderly. The framework of this study is formed by four dimensions, which are the background and character of the elderly, leisure space and equipment in the facility, the location of the facility and the management policy of senior apartment. We have set three purposes in this paper： （1） To understand the places and contents of leisure activities for the elderly in senior apartment, and analyze the types of leisure behaviors territory. （2） To find the factors which influence the territory of leisure behavior for the elderly. （3） To find the leisure needs of the elderly in different physical condition, and get some suggestions by leisure space and equipment in the facility, the location of the facility and the management policy of senior apartment. As the result of this research we find: （1） The patterns of territory of leisure behavior for the elderly in senior apartment could be categorized into four types: 'room type', 'floor type', 'facility type' and 'community type'; （2） ADL level is the main factor that influence on territory of leisure behavior for the elderly in senior apartment; （3） The private room for the elderly should be designed in the concept of 'Home Unit', and with clear distinction between private and semi-private space; （4） The public space and semi-public space should cover the leisure needs from 'independent' level to 'dependent' level, and the furniture and decoration should be created the home-like atmosphere; （5） The business sector holding some basic leisure activities or services periodically relates truly with the effects to enlarge the territories of leisure behaviors for the elderly, but should notice to avoiding the 'over supply' problem; （6） No matter where the senior apartment is located, to ensure a safety passage for the elderly to access the leisure resources in ambient leisure resources is important.