參與活動之彰化縣婦女對乳房自我檢查知識、態度、行為之探討

Factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Breast Self-Examination among the Community Women Attending the Screen Program in Changhua Area

國人生活飲食日益西化，女性乳癌的發生率和死亡率並未因更文明而遞減，而乳房自我檢查是早期發現乳癌最佳方法，在不斷巡迴宣導及教導民眾乳房自我檢查之後，為進一步對彰化縣民眾更瞭解以提供更實際的服務品質，因此本研究乃針對社區乳房篩檢定點活動進行「彰化縣社區婦女對乳房自我檢查認知、態度、行為」做探討。研究對象為參與乳房篩檢之社區婦女，經取得同意並以結構式問卷收集資料，發出問卷300份，實際回收278份有效問卷，回收率約93%。主要結果如下：（1）有定期乳房檢查者佔31.8%，所採行的方法以乳房自我檢查最多，佔71.8%。而乳房自我檢查執行正確性和文獻相比較，數據無明顯成長。（2）一半以上的婦女認為得乳癌、得乳癌而切除乳房及乳房切除後對外表之影響很嚴重。（3）未婚、有流產經驗的婦女在知識、態度、行為上得分較高，而年齡較大、停經婦女在此三方面得分皆較低。（4）有做過乳房自我檢查及有定期做乳房自我檢查的婦女在知識、態度、行為上皆顯著性地高於未做過者，而曾得過乳房疾病婦女在態度上有比未曾得過者顯著性差、但知識、行為上未達顯著性差異。（5）建議相關衛生促進及醫療保健單位，除持續乳房自我檢查積極推廣外，更要加強乳房自我檢查正確技巧之教育。

The incidence and the mortality of breast cancer have increased rapidly in Taiwan during the past few years. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the best method used for the early detection of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to explore knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of BSE among community women in Changhua County. A total of 300 women participating Breast Cancer Screening Progeam have been selected by systemic sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interview. 278 subjects (93%) completed the interview. The findings are summarized as follow: 1. 31.8% of the participants have performed breast examination regularly. BSE are taken by 71.8% of them. However, there are no significant differences for the accuracy of BSE practice compared with the past studies. 2. 69.1% of the women in this study believe breast cancer was a serious disorder, and 67.7% consider nastectomy was serious, and 50.4% feel the change of body shape after mastectomy was serious. 3. Women who are single or with abortion experience get higher scores on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior than others. Those who are older or in menopause get lower score. 4. There were differences between. BSE practicers and non-practicers on knowledge, attitudes, behavior. Women who ever got breast disorders have higher score than others on attitudes, but knowledge and behavior. We suggest that the government health bureau should implement BSE teaching programs continuously. To designing a teaching program for the reinforcement of accuracy of BSE is more important.