腎臟急性感染之超音波掃描

Ultrasonography of Acute Renal Infection

急性腎感染包括急性腎盂炎、賢／腎週圍膿瘍、膿腎，感染性腎囊腫、第二類產氣性腎盂炎（又稱為產氣性腎膿瘍或腎週圍膿瘍，氣腎盂圖）以及第一類或典型的產氣性腎盂炎，雖然電腦斷層攝影為目前評估急性腎感染之最佳利器，但由於超音波掃描（US）具有價廉、多向性功能、安全及攜帶輕便之優點，故US在急性腎感染佔有重要角色。此論文將回顧腎臟急性細菌感染在超音波掃描之徵象，並闡明過去用以描述急性腎臟感染混淆不清之各專有名詞。

Acute renal infection includes acute pyelonephritis, renal abscess, perirenal abscess, pyonephrosis, infected renal cyst. type Ⅱemphysematous pyelonephritis (or so called gas-containing renal or perirenal abscesses, gas-pyelogram) and type Ⅰor classic emphysematous pyelonephritis. Although computed tomography is currently the best diagnostic modality in detecting the presence and extent of the lesions of acute renal infection, ultrasonography has its significant role due to its advantages of lower cost, multiplanar capability bedside availability ad relative safety in scanning In this article the spectrum of sonographic findings of acute renal infection is reviewed, and the various confusing terminologies used to describe acute pyelonephritis and gas-producing bacterial renal infection are clarified.