貧窮、犯罪與社會排除：新自由主義全球化下台灣少年犯罪治理之研究

Poverty, Crime and Social Exclusion: A Research on the Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice in Taiwan under Global Neoliberalism

在新自由主義全球化的政經脈絡下，本研究以「少年犯罪問題」為主體，分析台灣自1950年代以來，對少年犯罪治理的立法政策、制度與策略，研究目的是探究對少年人口「最好的治理」，並揭露結構底層的權力／知識議題。本文採用馬克斯主義論者Harvey的階級復辟為理論架構，研究方法修正Foucault的系譜學論述分析，觀察台灣在不同歷史分期，少年犯罪治理的治理形式是如何運作、影響因素有哪些？並引出其背後的權力意識，進而省思未來可能的出路。研究發現，台灣的新自由主義實踐是從威權國家體制啟航，直接導入資本主義社會的劇變，這些轉變下出生的少年人口，享有炫目繁多的經濟成就及資訊媒體。台灣對少年犯罪問題的解讀與治理，並未與美、英國家的發展經驗有持續且密切的關聯，而是建構本土模式，這個本土模式也在少年虞犯暴增的議題下，面臨思索的空間。依據研究發現，提具研究建議包括：每位「少年」都應該被視為獨特的「個人」來對待，尊重他們的差異性質；當處理少年犯罪問題時，更必須理解少年所處的生態系統，「少年」也是國家公民的一份子，享有公民應有的權利對待。

This paper purports to explore the policies, systems, and strategies pertaining to juvenile delinquency in Taiwan since 1950 in order to reveal topics of power/knowledge under the neo-liberal globalization. This article adopts David Harvey's concept of the political economy of class power as theoretical framework. The research method is a revised Foucault Genealogy and discourse analysis. Research Findings: Taiwan entered the capitalist system from an authoritarian state. In addition, by no means do the rationale and governmentality behind juvenile delinquency in Taiwan maintain a continuous relationship with the developmental experience of the United States and England, but rather has built a localized model. Research recommendations: All 'youths' should be viewed as 'human' and their differences need to be respected. Adults must do their utmost to include young people into social life rather than criticize their criminal behavior 'Youths' are national citizens and are entitled to the rights entailed by citizenship.