受刑人心理特質與犯罪類型之區辨分析：以桃園監獄為例

The Analysis of Psychological Traits and Discriminant Analysis of Criminal Types of the Prisoners: Taoyuon Jail as an Example

罪犯的心理矯治在獄政管理愈來愈受到重視，因為行為矯治僅是治標，若不能從心理層面著手進行治本的矯治，再犯率即會居高不下，因此，依據受刑人心理特質分類進行矯治計劃，有其存在之必要性。本研究目的為以測驗結果增加對受刑人特質之了解，找出可預測再犯率的危險指標，以便於針對預測再犯率較高的受刑人，施予適當處遇與輔導追蹤。本研究的對象為桃監受刑人996人，所採用的測驗工具為瑞文氏標準圖形推理測驗與基本人格量表。本研究結果發現：一、智力方面：在受試者的年齡、罪名分類、教育程度、犯次四個變相之測驗總分達顯著差異。二、人格測驗：在不同的分測驗中，各變相的差異情形不同，年齡、教育程度、犯次三變項與其他變項比較能顯示出受試者之人格傾向之差異。三、智力總分、人格測驗等變項可有效區辨嗜好組與暴戾組，租犯組與累犯同罪組。

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychological traits of the inmates. The subjects were 996 inmates of Taoyuon jail. The psychological test used in the study included Rave's standard matrix reasoning test and basic personality test. The results showed significant intelligence score found among subjects with different age, charges, trial times, education level. The subjects with different age, educational level, trial times tended to have different personality traits. There were significant association between trial times and background variables such as age, educational level, trial period, charges. The intelligence and personality traits could differentiate the group membership between drug-addiction and violence, first time committed crime and frequently committed crime. In conclusion, the personality traits may be an important factors to differentiate the characteristics of the inmates of prisoners.