志願役軍人之教育訓練、工作投入與組織公民行為之研究

The Study of Training, Job Involvement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Voluntary Service Soldiers

近年來面對內、外部環境之改變，軍隊朝向「全募兵制」轉型，志願役人員將成為軍隊人力的主體。由於軍事教育訓練是國防戰力的基礎，故志願役人員的教育訓練對軍事組織人力素質與運作績效的提升至為重要，其中有關教育訓練對志願役人員之工作態度與工作行為影響的議題亦值得探討。本研究以某軍事學校志願役成員為研究對象，探討教育訓練、工作投入與組織公民行為之間的關係。總計有效配對589份志願役成員（回應教育訓練、工作投入）及其直屬主管（回應部屬之組織公民行為）之問卷研究結果發現，志願役成員之教育訓練知覺正向影響其組織公民行為，而此種關係會受到工作投入的部分中介作用。此外，個人年齡、年資、職位會調節工作投入與組織公民行為間的關係，年長、資深、高職位成員之工作投入與組織公民行為間關係較強，而年輕、資淺、低職位成員較弱。依據研究結果，本研究提出對管理實務以及對未來相關研究之建議。

In recent years, the military faces the changing internal and external environment, and towards the ＂all volunteer force＂ transformation. Therefore, the voluntary service soldiers would be the chief composition of the military. Since the military training is the foundation of national defense capability, the training for the voluntary service soldiers is important for the military’s advancement of human resource quality and operational performance. In addition, the effects of voluntary service soldiers’ training on their work attitude and work behavior are also worthy to be investigated. This study employed voluntary service soldiers of a military school as the sample to explore the relationships among the training, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior. A total of 589 effective dyad of the voluntary service soldiers questionnaire (respond to training and job involvement) and their immediate supervisor (respond to subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior) are collected, the study found that the training perception of voluntary service soldiers positively affect their organizational citizenship behavior, and this relationship will be partially mediated by job involvement. In addition, individual age, seniority, and position moderated the relationship between job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior. There are stronger positive relationships for old, senior, and high-position employees than for young, junior, and low-position employees. Basing on the findings, this study proposes the management practices and suggestions to the future related research.