移民女性與就業歧視：歐盟與台灣的最新發展

Migrant Women and Discrimination in Employment: Recent Development in the European Union and Taiwan

本文主要分析歐盟有關就業歧視的最新發展，特別著重於分析與移民女性相關的就業歧視及勞動政策，同時，在歐盟的經驗之上，本文亦探討台灣可以借鏡歐盟之處。本文的分析指出，歐盟在促進移民族群的就業平等之相關政策，台灣可以借鏡之處主要包含三點，首先，政策的分析需要對特定族群有充分的瞭解，台灣需要運用不同的研究方法以蒐集移民女性、雇主、台灣民眾及政府機關人員在就業情況及意見的完整資料。其次，從政策面而言，台灣現行法律並未充分考慮到移民女性在台灣勞動市場可能面臨的多重劣勢及多重歧視。最後，由於勞動市場的歧視不易證實，因此，從歐盟的相關政策當中可知，被告負主要舉證責任，然而，原告仍應負擔部分之舉證責任，但台灣現行法令著重於被告之舉證責任，有關原告之責任則缺乏相關規定。

This paper examines the policies that the European Union (EU) has implemented to eliminate discrimination against migrant women in employment. It also considers lessons that Taiwan can learn from the EU. Migrant women face multiple dimensions of discrimination in the European labor market. The Union has adopted the Racial Equality Directive and the Employment Equality Directive to terminate discrimination against migrant women. There are three major lessons that Taiwan can learn from the Union in terms of policies designed to enhance equality in employment. First of all, it is important that researchers should apply different research methods to collect data of employment provided by migrant women, employers, Taiwanese people, and governmental officials. Second, the legislator in Taiwan should take into consideration the various disadvantages and different types of discrimination that migrant women may experience in the labor market. Finally, under the EU law, in a legal dispute in this field, the burden of proof is shifted to the defendants because discrimination in employment is difficult to be proved. The claimants should also bear partial responsibility of proof. However, the legislator in Taiwan has not yet incorporated such legal burden into the current law.