臺灣地區勞工特質對服務業內勞工異動影響之研究

Labor Mobility in Taiwan's Intraservice Industry

本文利用行政院主計處之原始抽樣調查之磁帶資料，首先以圖表方式概括了解與比較歷年（1988－1993年）臺灣地區服務業內勞工在勞動市場的異動現象，次則以搜尋理論為基礎採用機率單位（Probit）模型以橫斷面資料實證比較分析1993年與1988年臺灣地區勞工特質對服務業內勞工異動之影響。主要發現勞工特質對「勞工異動」之影響結果為：現職年資仍維持極顯著的負面；年齡之影響由極顯著或顯著的正面變為極顯著的負面，而且除青年組以外其邊際影響力也越來越大；較高學歷青年勞工之異動機率均明顯降低，尤以大專者為最；結婚對男性勞工之異動機率及其邊際影響力有略降的影響以外，對女性及高年組勞工之異動機率反有顯著的上升，只是其邊際影響力卻呈現增減互見之現象；月薪對運輸、倉儲通信業之勞工異動機率仍維持不顯著的影響，且對其餘大多數勞工異動機率之影響力也有所降低；性別除對青年組男性勞工異動機率由顯著比女性低，變為極顯著地比女性高以外，對中年組以及運輸、倉儲、通信業男性勞工之負面影響分別變為極顯著與顯著；最後，未滿六歲子女之正面影響力呈現上升之不利趨勢。

By employing probit analysis to study and compare labor mobility in Taiwan's intraservice industry between 1988 and 1993, the main findings regarding all selected determinants can be listed in the following: Tenure's factor exhibits consistently certain negative impact on labor mobility; the impact of 'Age' factor has been shown switching from strongly positive or positive to strongly negative with marginally increasing strength among all sample groups except the 'Young labor group; the 'Young labor' group having at least high-school diploma has demonstrated an increasingly negative impatct, particularly from the sub-group of 'college graduated'; impact caused by the 'Marriage' factor has been decreased slighty among 'Males' but increased significantly among 'Females' and the 'Elder labor'; 'Salary' factor maintains an insignificant role in service areas of 'Transport', 'Storage' and 'Communication', and becomes an decreasingly important role in most other service areas; for the 'Sex' factor, it is less significant in 1988 but is far more significant in 1993 for the group of 'Male' than of 'Female'. It is also strongly negative or negative for the group of 'Middle-aged labor' in Transport', 'Storage' and 'Communication' areas; also, the factor of 'Having child （children） aged six or less' causes an increasingly unfavorable trend of impact.