從歸田到閑居－－兼論漢晉辭賦對京城的頌讚、眷戀與疏離

From Country Life to Leisure Life─The “Capital Complex” in Tse and Fu in Han and Jin Dynasties

漢晉辭賦隱逸書寫傳統中，張衡〈歸田賦〉開啟隱逸賦的先河，陶淵明〈歸去來兮辭〉則被視為隱逸賦的典範之作。然而《文選》所收錄的晉賦名篇──潘岳〈閑居賦〉則顯得有些尷尬。讀者經常質疑潘岳心口不一，非議其人品。在隱逸賦的書寫系列中，似乎陶淵明〈歸去來兮辭〉才是傳統的典範，潘岳〈閑居賦〉成了凸顯淵明高風的對照組。本文分析〈歸田賦〉與〈閑居賦〉文本之下潛藏的深層心理，可以發現二者有著極為相似的京城情結，就此而言，從歸田到閑居，其實是一脈相承的。

In the tradition of Hermit writing in Han and Jin Dynasties, Gui Tian Fu by Zhang Heng was seen as forerunner the tradition, while Gui Qu Lai Xi Ci by Tao Yuanming was considered as the master piece of the tradition. On the other hand, Xianju Fu by Pan Yue, collected in Wenxuan by Zhaoming, was a controversial work and was questioned by reviewers for the author’s hypocrisy. Reviewers extolled Tao Yuanming’s Gui Qu Lai Xi Ci as the model of Hermit writing and considered Xianju Fu by Pan Yue as the inferior opposite of Tao’s work. This paper attempts to decode the deep psychological mechanism submerging in the texts of both Gui Tian Fu and Xianju Fu to figure out the “capital complex” common in them and to explore the connection between country life and leisure life.