地主國產業群聚、進入地主國動機對進入模式選擇及經營績效影響之研究：以我國赴歐投資廠商為對象之實證研究

The Impact of Host-Country Industry Cluster and Entry Motivation on the Entry Mode Selection and Overseas Performance: An Empirical Study toward Taiwan-owned European MNCs

文獻對於企業國際化進入模式選擇之探討已多，但普遍有下列三項缺漏：一，研究多以美國企業為對象，但對歐亞之情況相對探究較少。二，許多研究所謂之「進入模式」其實僅討其中部分，其完整性有待加強。三，許多文獻在探討進入模式決定因素時，僅偏重局部因素，完整性不足。據此，本研究在回顧文獻之後，發現Porter （1990）鑽石模式之產業群聚觀念可用以解釋進入模式之選擇。本研究要探討：（1）企業進入外國市場之動機，（2）地主國之產業群聚，（3）在地主國之經營歷史，及（4）產業別等因素對進入模式與其海外經營績效之影響。九十三個臺灣赴歐投資廠商樣本之實證結果指出，前述四項構念與進入模式確實具有顯著相關性。另外也發現地主國產業競爭條件越差，反而對其海外經營越有利；而進入模式及其產業群聚之交互作用則未能顯著解釋經營績效。

Foreign entry mode selection has been studied from divergent perspectives, some shortcomings, however, are still needed to improve. First, most related literature over-focused on the studies in US or those of American-owned MNCs, while they neglected the cases of European and Asian firms. Second, studies that explore entry mode determinants tended to focus on few particular topics. Third, the so-called “entry mode” factually solely consider part of entry mode. After literature review, this study follows Porter’s (1990) Diamond to explain how firms select their entry mode. Thus, this study attempts to clarify the impact of (1) motivation of entering the foreign country, (2) the industry cluster in domestic country, (3) the year length that the firms have operated in domestic nation, and (4) industrial classification, on entry model selection and its performance. The empirical evidence, which samples 93 Taiwan-owned European firms as respondents, indicates that the previous four constructs are able to explain entry model selection. In addition, the results also point out the worse the industry cluster is, the better the performance could get. While entry mode and its interaction with industry cluster fall to explain performance. Moreover the authors also represent some practical suggestions and research directions for future works.