臺灣機械工業發展策略效果之模糊多評準決策

Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Evaluating the Performance of Machinery Industrial Development Strategies in Taiwan

臺灣機械工業多項產品名列世界出口前十名，但面臨內外環境的鉅變，2001年產值，進出口同時下滑，如何能解決產業之困境及提出具體可行之策，將有助於強化未來產業競爭優勢。本研究之目的為提昇臺灣機械工業國際地位，透過策略層面及其困境遭遇之程度，擬訂解除困境之策略方案，進行多準則評估，以提出有助於臺灣機械工業未來永續發展之策略方案。本研究利用層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）法求取評估準則之權重，並加入模糊多評準決策（Fuzzy Multi－criteria Decision Making, FMCDM）之觀念進行排序。研究結果顯示；臺灣機械工業以全球行銷及售後服務網待建立、CEO （Chief Executive Officer）管理能力不足，研發人力不足，重要零組件依賴進口、產業聚落逐漸散去為遭遇最大之困難。專家認為策略方案排行前五名為：「必須引進高級人材、推動研發聯盟、發展關鍵零組件、獎勵業者自行研發、整合業者資源拓展市場」。本研究經具體之評估過程，對臺灣機械工業而言，係首次經由模糊理論結合AHP法獲得之結論，克服以往傳統問卷評量常有模糊性語詞之障礙，此結果亦可提供制定產業政策之參考。

Many products of mechanical industry that are produced in Taiwan are ranked within top-ten exports around the world. However, with the dynamic change in both the internal and external environment, productivity, imports and exports have dropped simultaneously. In order to strengthen the industry’s competitive advantage, it is crucial to propose concrete projects to solve the difficulties the industry has encountered. The purpose of this research is to propose strategies for the future development of the machinery industry through strategic aspects, a problem solving focused and strategic alternative point of view. Methods such as AHP and FMCDM are used to rank the strategies. The result of the research shows that experts believe the best five strategies are firstly, recruiting high-level manpower; secondly, promoting industrial R&D alliances; thirdly, developing the key components; fourthly, encouraging in-house R&D; finally, integrating industry cooperation for expanding market. The major problems being encountered by the Taiwanese machinery industry are poor global marketing & after-sales network, poor management capability for CEO, insufficiency in R&D talents, dependency on the imports for key components, disintegration of well established industrial supporting system.