從產業生態觀點構形中小企業國際化之行為：類型學取向－－以投資越南的四個製造業為例

Configurating the Internationalization Behaviors of Taiwanese SMEs in the Industrial Ecology Viewpoint by Conceptual Typology Approach-Four Manufacturing Industries in Vietnam

以1990－2000為區間，本研究從業生態的觀點分析中小企業臺商國際化的行為，並從紡織原料業、製衣業、製鞋業和食品業等四個製造業中的理論抽樣了10家前往越南投資的中小企業。經由紮根追蹤式質化研究，本研究發現，在類似的環境變化下，個別廠商會依照其組織內的主導邏輯對制度環境做出不同的反應，但這類的反應又和各產業內的產業生態秩序形成有密切的回饋關係存在。利用構形理論中的觀念性類型學取向方法，將其加以分類為「單區平緩」、「多區平緩」、「單區崎嶇」及「多區崎嶇」等四類產業生態原型，並推導其相對應的中小企業國際化模式—「典範影響演化」、「集體演化」、「制度影響演化」及「個別邏輯演化」。最後本研究也將分析這些原型的導出對臺商中小企業國際化理論的影響及貢獻。

In the viewpoint of industry ecology, this research analyzed the internationalization behaviors of Taiwanese Small and Median enterprise (SMEs) from 1990 to 2000. we sample ten Taiwanese SMEs which conducted in textile, read-made clothes, shoes-making and agricultural product industries in Vietnam. After a ground field study, we found that, each firm reacted to the institutional system pressure differently according to its own dominant logic thinking even in the same environment change. However such different reacting ways had strong feedback relationships with each industrial ecology orders. Employing the conceptual typology approach of configuration theory, this research classified 4 industrial ecology modes: Uni-Slack, Multi-Slack, Uni-Rough and Multi-rough. We also analogized 4 corresponding internationalization modes of SMEs within these industrial ecology types—Evolution under inside paradigm, Group Evolution, Evolution with institutional pressure and Evolution by each logic. Finally, the contribution of our research results was also discussed.