臺灣健身運動俱樂部學員之運動參與行為分析

A descriptive study of learning behavior: motor engagement time in fitness classes in Taiwan

目的：本研究旨在分析臺灣的健身運動教學，著重於教學之「過程變項」的描述及其受「先置變項」及「情境變項」的影響。方法：使用The Time-On-Fitness Instrument for TAIWAN（TOFI-TAIWAN）工具對抽樣所得13堂、11類課程中485位樣本學員、122位觀察標的學員進行「系統觀察」分析，另輔以教練問卷調查。結果：一、學員「主動健身」行為發生率達45.04%；二、學員的實質運動參與時間（MET）平均佔課堂時間76.53%；三、學員MET不但受各該教學「情境變項」─特別是課程、場地、時段、下課時間之掌控、器械使用、教案使用及教學決策權之隸屬等因素影響，也受「先置變項」─尤其是教練證照及其職業倦怠程度等因素的影響。結論：一、臺灣地區健身運動的「教學品質」若就學員MET觀之，較諸國內外其他體育運動教學相對優良；二、因受「先置變項」及「情境變項」之影響，不同班別學員的運動參與行為相當歧異；三、本研究所研發、使用的工具─TOFI-TAIWAN對觀察本土健身運動教學而言，概為可行且適用。

Purpose: This study placed main focus on students' classroom behavior in fitness clubs in terms of how they spend class time with particular regard to students' motor engagement time (MET). Methods: In examining both the quantitative information, collected through a systematic observation of thirteen classes (including 11 curriculum, 485 students sampled, and 122 target students observed) by use of the descriptive analytic instrument 'The Time-On-Fitness Instrument for TAIWAN (TOFI-TAIWAN) 'as well as the qualitative data from the supplementary questionnaires, collected from coaches. Results: The study comes up with the following three findings: 1. Students were enthusiastic, with the'active fitness time'reaching 45.04 %; 2. Students' MET stands at a whopping 76.53 %; 3. The 'context variables'such as the subject matter of the course, equipment used, class time allocation, and the division of authority over curriculum as well as the 'presage variables' such as coaches' accreditation and the level of their occupational burnout have great influence on MET. Conclusions: 1. Students' MET in local fitness clubs surveyed is superior to that in other types of physical education and fitness classes both at home and abroad; 2. Student behavior varies a great deal from class to class, and the 'context variables'as well as the'presage variables'have significant influence on MET; 3. TOFI-TAIWAN system was considered feasible and reliable.