短期停止訓練對不同位置橄欖球選手之葡萄糖耐受度影響

The effects of glucose tolerance on rugby players after short term detraining

目的：探討訓練期橄欖球前鋒與後衛之葡萄糖耐受度差異，以及26天短期停止訓練對兩者之葡萄糖耐受度影響效應。方法：本研究招募甲組男子橄欖球選手共25位（前鋒12位，平均20.5±0.3歲，179.7±2公分，93.6±4.7公斤；後衛13位，平均19.8±.05歲，171.4±1.3公分，71.3±1.8公斤），運動訓練強度為以年齡預估之最大心跳率75%-90%，於停止訓練前後各進行一次口服葡萄糖耐受度、胰島素、可體松、睪固酮、脫氫異雄固酮-硫酸鹽測量以及三日飲食紀錄。結果：研究結果顯示：（1）後衛訓練期間胰島素敏感度較前鋒優，（2）短期停止訓練造成前鋒與後衛之體脂肪百分比顯著增加，且前鋒去脂體重於後測時亦顯著性增加，（3）後衛之葡萄糖耐受度、胰島素敏感度於停止訓練後顯著變差，（4）停止訓練後，前鋒之脫氫異雄固酮-硫酸鹽、睪固酮／可體松（2.12±0.61vs.0.74±0.27）比值以及睪固酮增加量顯著大於後衛，（5）前鋒於訓練期熱量攝取顯著低於後衛（23.8vs.30.05Kcal／kg），停止訓練後攝取量兩者無差異。結論：後衛訓練期間胰島素敏感度較前鋒優，且短期停止訓練後，後衛胰島素敏感度變差的同時，前鋒不受影響。前鋒之較高量之去脂體重以及較高濃度之睪固酮，可能是使其在停止運動和脂肪增加的情況下，葡萄糖耐受度仍不變差的主要影響因素。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare glucose tolerance between backs and forwards during training period. We also investigated the effects of glucose tolerance on different position players after short term detraining. Methods: We recruited 25 college rugby players as subjects (12 forwards, 20.5±0.3 yr,179.7±2 cm, 93.6±4.7 Kg; 13 backs, 19.8±.05 yr, 171.4±1.3 cm, 71.3±1.8 Kg). We performed Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and measured insulin, saliva's DHEA-S, serum testosterone, cortisol, and body composition before and after 26 days detraining. A 3-day dietary record was also performed to monitor dietary changes between training and detraining periods. Results: The results showed that: (1) Backs had lower insulin level than forwards during training period. (2) Forwards had significantly increasing body fat and free body mass (FFM). (3) The insulin level and OGTT performance were significantly decreased after detraining in the backs. (4) Forwards had higher ratio of testosterone and cortisol, testosterone and DHEA-S level than backs after detraining. (5) Forwards consumed lower calories (23.8 Kcal/kg; 30.05 Kcal/kg) than backs during training period. Conclusion: After short term detraining, forwards had increasing testosterone to modify the decreasing glucose tolerance effects.