跆拳道反擊跳後踢動作技術之運動生物力學分析

The biomechanical analysis of taekwondo jumping back kick technique on resistance attack

目的：本研究之主要目的在探討跆拳道反擊跳後踢動作過程生物力學參數之關係。方法：以10名大學跆拳道代表隊選手為實驗參加者，平均年齡21.0±2.4歲、平均身高176.2±6.5公分、平均體重69.2±12.2公斤、平均練習時間9.1±2.6年。使用Peak Performance 3D運動影像分析系統（60Hz）及F-scan鞋底測力系統（100Hz），同步蒐集反擊跳後踢動作過程的生物力學參數。結果：經皮爾森積差相關分析 （Pearson’s product-moment correlation）結果顯示：在動作過程中的旋轉角速度、背對及擊中目標物瞬時的身體軀幹前傾角與動作時間呈顯著負相關；兩腿夾角與動作時間呈顯著正相關（p<.05）。身體重心在碰撞階段的水平位移與攻擊衝量呈顯著正相關（p<.05）。軀幹前傾角度在碰撞階段的變化值及重心速度最大值出現時間至擊中目標物這段時間與攻擊力量最大值呈顯著負相關（p<.05）。結論：（1）在動作期間身體軀幹不宜過度前傾、在旋轉過程應儘量將兩腿夾緊，以提高旋轉速度，降低動作時間。（2）在碰撞階段應加大身體重心在水平方向的位移並降低身體軀幹前傾角度的變化，以提高攻擊衝量及攻擊力量值。相較於主動攻擊的後踢動作，以反擊跳後踢的動作特性而言，更適合提供不同量級選手進行練習並應用於臨場比賽；而不侷限於輕量級選手使用。

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the biomechanical factors involved in Taekwondo jumping back kick technique on resistance attack. Methods: Data were obtained from ten test subjects in a university Taekwondo team (age 21.0±2.4 yr, height 176.2±6.5 cm, weight 69.2±12.2 kg, and practice time 9.1±2.6 yr). The factors of the jumping back kick on resistance attack were analyzed using Peak Performance 3D video motion (60Hz) and F-scan in-shoes force analysis system (100Hz). Results: The results through Pearson's product-moment correlation indicated that both the angular velocity of torso rotation and the angle of the torso forward on backside when the kicking leg contacted with the target increased with the decreasing of the movement time; however, the angle between the kicking leg and the supporting one increased with the increase of the movement time (p< .05). Besides, the punching momentum increased with the increase of the horizontal displacement between the impact phase (p< .05). The punching power increased with the decrease of both the angle of torso forward fluctuation in the impact phase and the time period between the time performing the maximal velocity of the gravity of the body's center and the time making contact with the punching bag (p< .05). Conclusion: (1) It is concluded that to reduce the movement time and increase the rotational velocity, the torso should not be forward too much during the period of action. Moreover, the two legs should be closer as far as possible in the rotation. (2) In the impact phase, the punching momentum and the punching power should be increased by increasing horizontal displacement of the gravity of the body's center and decreasing fluctuation of the forward angle. To compare with the active attack of back kick, the jumping back kick would be more proper to carry on a practice or a game for players of different class.