網球發球落點與技術相關表現之研究－－以2004年美國網球公開賽男子單打賽為例

The role of serve placement in Tennis matches - An example study of the 2004 US Open men's singles

目的：探討頂尖男子網球比賽獲勝與落敗選手在執行第一發球（一發）及第二發球（二發）時，發向各發球落點，包括外角（wide）、身體（body）及中線（T）的分配率、平均速度、及贏球率等技術表現是否有所不同。方法：由2004年美國網球公開賽官方網站搜集男子單打32強賽事之相關原始資料，以混合設計二因子變異數分析進行統計考驗。結果：獲勝與落敗選手在各發球落點的發球分配率及平均速度並無顯著差異，但在右發球區（deuce court）一發向外角及身體的贏球率、二發向中線的贏球率、以及在左發球區（advantage court）一發向外角的贏球率皆顯著優於落敗選手。另外，全體選手在右發球區一發的分配率分別是發向外角>中線>身體、左發球區則是發向中線及外角>身體（p<.05），但二發時皆以發向身體為主；至於在各發球落點的發球平均速度部分，全體選手在右發球區三個發球落點的一發平均速度為發向中線>身體>外角、二發則是外角>身體及中線，左發球區三個發球落點的一發平均速度則是中線>身體>外角，二發則為中線>身體及外角；而有關贏球率的部分，全體選手在一發向身體的贏球率皆顯著的低於發向外角及中線。結論：無論獲勝或是落敗的頂尖男子網球選手，雖然在各發球落點的發球分配率及平均速度是一致的，但是在右發球區一發向外角、身體及二發向中線，以及左發球區一發向外角的贏球率則是獲勝選手顯著優於落敗選手，而此點可能是影響比賽勝負的重要關鍵。

Purpose: To investigate how world top tennis players' first and second serve speed and placement contributes to their on-court performance. The placement was divided into wide serves (Wide), serves to the receiver's body (Body), and those to the center line (T). Methods: Data collection from the third round to the men's single final of the 2004 US Open official site was processed to get the serve- related figures and then analyzed by two-way ANOVA mixed design. Results: For the serve placement and average speed there was no significant difference between the winner and loser. However, the winner had high percentage of the first to the placement of Wide and Body; and the second serve to the T from the deuce court. While at the advantage court, the first serve was tending to the Wide. For all the players the first serve placement from the deuce court was Wide > T > Body and T & Wide > Body from the advantage court (p<.05), while the second serve was mostly aimed toward the Body. The average first serve speed from the deuce court were T > Body > Wide, and Wide > Body & T for the average second serve speed (p<.05). From the advantage court, it was T > Body > Wide for the average first serve speed and Wide > Body & T (p<.05). All players had significant lower winning percentage on the first serve that was directed right toward the Body rather than the Wide or T. Conclusion: For all top men's tennis players, winner or loser of a given game, the serve placement and the average serve speed were quite the same, which indicated they adopted an identical serve strategy and all possess the capability to carry it out. However, significant difference could be found in the point winning ability when serve from the deuce court, the first serve toward the Wide, Body and the second serve toward T, and when serving from the advantage court, the first serve toward the Wide. That might be the key to a player's performance on the court.