棒球運動教練領導行為之探討－－概念建構與模式分析

Leadership in baseball coaches-Concept building and model analysis

目的：本研究目的在探討我國棒球教練領導行為的建構內容。方法：研究者經由深度訪談（in-depth interview）的方式，訪談國內現任職業棒球隊教練四人，大專棒球隊教練四人，現任職棒隊球員四人及六位大專棒球隊球員，共計18人。藉由受訪者親身經歷、體驗及感受將棒球教練領導行為內容與輪廓描述出來，並運用內容分析找出各種有關教練領導行為的實質內容。結果：研究結果發現，棒球教練領導行為的因素結構可分成五個向度：（一）威嚴領導，包含要求服從、教誨訓示及紀律精神等。（二）關懷支持，包含關懷照顧與鼓勵支持等。（三）公正盡責，包括公正無私及負責盡職等。（四）團隊合作，包含福禍與共、合作精神及良性競爭等。（五）啟發激勵，包含激勵、溝通授權及啟發思考等。結論：運動教練的領導內涵與作風會隨著東西方文化的不同而有所差異，並且也突顯出棒球教練領導行為的獨特性。最後針對本研究結果作進一步探討，並提出未來研究方向。

Purpose: This study looks at leadership in baseball coaches in Taiwan. Method: This study uses in-depth interviews with four Chinese Professional Baseball Association coaches, four varsity-level baseball coaches, four professional baseball players and six varsity-level baseball players, for a total of 18 interviews. We then use the experience, insight, and perceptions of the interviewees to describe the make-up and outlines of leadership in baseball coaches and to analyze what constitutes leadership in a coach. Results: We find that there are five factors accounting for leadership in baseball coaches: (1) authority, including discipline and having players follow orders and training instructions; (2) caring and supportive, including care for players, support and inspiration; (3) fairness and responsibility, including impartiality and fulfilling responsibilities; (4) team spirit, including sharing the good times with the bad, cooperative spirit, and promoting friendly competition; (5) ability to inspire, including the ability to communicate, inspire, and instill new thoughts and values. Conclusion: What constitutes leadership in a coach and how it manifests itself is different in the East and the West, something that points to the unique characteristic of leadership in a baseball coach. As a conclusion, we further discuss the results of this study and propose future directions for research.