大學女性體保生運動社會化模式之雛型

An Emerging Model of Sport Socialization for Collegiate Female Elite Athlete

目的：探討女性體保生運動社會化之過程，以及運動對於其性別角色與身份認同的影響。方法：採質性深度訪談，對象為18名女性體保生，運動項目包括游泳、田徑、桌球、網球、拔河、自由車、及撐竿跳等。資料分析經過編碼、定索引、個案本身與個案之間交叉分析，並利用三角測定與受訪者檢視來增強研究內容之品質。結果：（一）女性體保生運動社會化過程，受到重要關係人和學校很大的影響，（二）長期從事運動及社會大環境兩者共同影響受訪者的肢體形象、女性特質、性別角色、與身份認同，（三）女性體保生之間建立深厚的情感而形成一種特殊的次文化團體。結論：第一，獲得一種運動社會化的模式，具體而言，受訪者的個性、家庭、學校、與運動參與使其定期從事運動，並形塑性別角色及身份認同，其次，定期從事運動對女性特質、肢體形象、與身份認同之影響，其阻力大於助力。

Purpose：By using qualitative approach, this study intended to examine the process of collegiate female elite athletes' sport socialization, and to explore how sport could influence their body image, as well as gender and role identities. Methods：Eighteen female elite athletes, who were admitted to college due to the outstanding performance in various sports, were interviewed and recorded. Data were transcribed, coded, indexed, and analyzed. Triangulation and member check technique was utilized for data analysis. Results ：The results indicated that: (1) the subjects were greatly influenced by families, schools, and significant others in their sport socialization; (2) both sports participation and the macro environment influenced the subjects' body image, female characteristics, and gender and role identities; and (3) a subculture was identified among collegiate female elite athletes. Conclusion：Two conclusions were drawn: (1) an emerging model of sport socialization was obtained, specifically; the combination of personalities, families, schools, and sport participations determined subjects' commitment to sports also their gender and role identities; and (2) sport participation seemed to constrain subjects' self-awareness and empowerment regarding their body image, female characteristics, and gender and role identities.