認知策略對青少年女子排球選手賽前狀態性焦慮、心理競技能力之影響

The Effects of Cognitive Strategy on Competitive State Anxiety, Psychological Skills of Young Female Volleyball Player

本研究主要目的是：一、探討認知策略對青少年女子排球選手賽前狀態性焦慮的影響；二、探討認知策略對青少年女子排球選手心理競技能力的影響；三、以個案訪談瞭解選手及教練對於實施認知策略知覺的效果。研究參與者為臺中市某國中女子排球隊選手共七名，平均年齡為14.57歲，運動年齡為6.14年。本研究所使用的工具包括有賽前狀態性焦慮量表、心理競技能力量表，經八個月蒐集前、後測資料以t考驗進行分析。本研究所得結果如下：一、經由認知策略，有助於降低青少年女子排球選手的賽前狀態性焦慮，認知性焦慮和自信心進步達顯著水準（P<.05），另身體性焦慮則未達顯著性的差異；二、經由認知策略，可顯著提升選手的心理競技能力，在抗焦慮、專注、自信心、心理準備等四個向度進步達顯著水準（P<.05），動機則未達顯著性的差異；三、從個案訪談發現，研究參與者能將所學的認知策略運用於平日訓練及比賽中，同時也將課程內容應用於其他生活方面，選手及教練皆認為心理介入的效果很顯著，且希望將來有機會再接受相關課程訓練。

The purposes of this study were : (1) to explore the effect of cognitive strategy on the competitive state anxiety of volleyball players;(2) to explore the effect of cognitive strategy on the psychological skills of volleyball players;(3) to explore the effect of cognitive strategy through the case interview on players and the coach. The participants of this study were 7 junior high school female volleyball players, whose mean age were 14.57 years and years of experience were 6.14 years respectively. The instruments administered on the participants were Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, and Psychological Skill Inventory for Sports. It took 8 months to collect pre-test and post-test data analyzed by t-test. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) Cognitive strategy helped the participants to decrease their competitive state anxiety significantly, especially their cognitive anxiety and confidence had improved significantly (P<.05), but there was no difference in somatic anxiety. (2) Cognitive strategy promoted the participants' psychological skills significantly (P<.05), in terms of anxiety, focus, confidence, and mental preparation. However, there was no difference in motive. (3) From case interviews, it was found that the participants applied cognitive strategy on regular trainings and competitions. The participants and coach agreed that the result of this study was significant and they hoped that they could receive relevant training courses in the future.