活體非親屬器官捐贈之倫理議題

The Ethical-legal Issues in Living Non-relative Organ Donation

我國現行法律允許五親等內之血親或配偶之活體器官捐贈，相較於世界各國之規定較為嚴格，本文介紹活體非親屬器官捐贈之三種類型包括配對捐贈、有情感聯繫之捐贈及陌生人利他捐贈，分析其相關倫理議題、各國經驗及我國現況，最後對我國活體非親屬器官捐贈之推行提出建議。作者主張在現階段無法大幅增加屍體器官捐贈率之情況下，開放活體非親屬器官捐贈是可行方案之一，早已在其他國家中以各種形式施行多年，我國若能適度開放非親屬活體器官捐贈者的限制，將對舒緩器官匱乏的問題有所幫助，建議政府可以開放配對捐贈與有情感聯繫之活體捐贈。

This paper examines the ethical issues arising from living non-relative organ donation. The Transplantation Act in Taiwan allows living organ donation only between blood relatives within fifth degree and spouses, which is stricter than most other countries. This paper introduces paired exchange, emotionally related living donation, and altruistic donation between strangers, then explores the related ethical issues and current practice in certain countries. The authors suggest that paired exchange and emotionally related living donation should be legally permitted in our legal reform which will be helpful in relieving organ shortage to certain degree.