護理人員之社會心理工作特性、工作倦怠與身心健康相互影響－－固定樣本追蹤研究

The Reciprocal Effects of Psychosocial Job Characteristics, Burnout and Health among Nurses: A Panel Study

目標：過去有關工作壓力的研究著重於探討工作壓力對身心健康的單向影響，本研究從螺旋論的觀點，提出社會心理工作特性、工作倦怠與身心健康三者間相互影響之研究假設並加以驗證。方法：本研究以醫院護理人員為研究對象，採六個月間距的二波段縱貫性研究設計，總計完成502份完整之固定樣本追蹤資料。量表先經信度效度分析，再進行結構方程模型驗證。結果：研究結果證實，在順向影響方面包含：工作負荷對情緒耗竭與去人化具顯著正向影響、對心理健康具顯著負向影響；主管支持對情緒耗竭具顯著正向影響；同事支持對情緒耗竭與去人化具顯著負向影響、對身體症狀具顯著負向影響。在逆向影響方面包含：情緒耗竭對工作負荷感具顯著正向影響；心理健康對情緒耗竭與去人化具顯著負向影響；身體症狀對工作控制具顯著負向影響。結論：社會心理工作特性、工作倦怠與身心健康三者部分構面之間確實存在螺旋性相互影響的關係。研究者依據研究發現提出管理實務及學術研究方面的建議。

Objectives: Work stress is a major concern in our society. Most previous studies have focused on the normal causal relationships between work stressors and their consequences rather than on the reverse and reciprocal relationships among them. The aim of the present study was to determine the reciprocal effects among psychosocial job characteristics, burnout and health, which resulting from the perspective of loss/gain spiral. Methods: Two-wave panel data were collected from nurses in both public and private hospitals in Taiwan. A total of 502 nurses completed valid questionnaires twice with a six-month time lag. Cronbach's α, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed. Results: There were normal and reverse effects among psychosocial job characteristics, burnout and health. Conclusions: Theoretical and managerial implications and limitations were discussed.