日治初期的臺語教本系譜

Taiwanese Language Textbooks Used During the Early Period of Japanese Rule: An Historical Analysis

日治初期臺語教本裡，常常存在著一種固定的模式與內容。本文將臺語教本的編輯視為翻譯活動之一，擬以文學史與語法的觀點加以分析，追本溯源釐清其背景與來由，並試圖探究19世紀走向近代化的日本社會如何面對臺灣的異國文化與異國語言。由於日治初期，沒有可資參考的臺語教材，只好仿效既有的北京話教本做為雛形編輯臺語教本。但因明治初期的北京話教本是循江戶時期的南京話教本為傳統而編寫，所以不少臺語教本同時繼承了南京話教本的模式與北京話教本的內容，導致初期臺語教本難以擺脫前述傳統束縛。而日治初期臺語教本在此環境下編寫，故兼有南京話與北京話教本的特徵，甚至根據北京話教本編出臺語會話句，導致其內容未必反映當時臺灣語言與社會之實際情況。

Taiwanese language textbooks used during the early period of Japanese rule in Taiwan were often rigid and inflexible in their framework and contents. This paper aims at clarifying the origins of this situation by regarding textbook compilation as a translation process, and analyzing textbooks from the perspectives of literary history and usage. It also looks at how Japanese society, which began to modernize in the 19th century, dealt with Taiwan, s different culture and language. When Japan started ruling Taiwan, there were no resources available for Taiwanese language teaching. As a result, the Japanese who needed to learn the Taiwanese language were left with no choice but to start compiling Taiwanese textbooks, using Beijing Mandarin textbooks as a prototype. However, the editing of Beijing Mandarin textbooks in the Meiji Era had been influenced by the traditional Nanjing Mandarin textbooks, and Taiwanese language textbooks had tended to adopt the formats of Nanjing Mandarin textbooks and the contents of Beijing Mandarin textbooks. Few of the early Taiwanese textbooks were immune from these traditional influences. Taiwanese textbooks were being compiled in this way during the early period of Japanese rule, and so Taiwanese phrase books were being edited based on the contents of Beijing Mandarin textbooks and did not necessarily represent everyday Taiwanese language or Taiwan, s society at the time.