臺灣籤詩英譯之論析

A Critique of English Translation of Taiwan's Lottery Poetry

本論文旨在提議臺灣籤詩「目的導向」之翻譯詩論。為配合有效溝通及清楚地傳遞神明的指示，使得外國讀者能透過籤詩英譯瞭解及認識台灣的民俗宗教，作者建議譯者可採用簡單化（simplification）、常態化（normalization）及明朗化（explicitation）之策略，以翻譯籤詩文類中使用之譬喻、文化相關詞彙及籤題。簡單化、常態化及明朗化乃是Baker（1995） 於語料庫翻譯研究中所提出的三大翻譯語言之特性。由於此三大特性適用於籤詩中英翻譯之策略，故作者將其整合成「目的導向」翻譯詩論的策略指引。籤詩所使用的文言文詞彙可被簡化及翻譯成普通英語用詞，此乃是簡單化策略。被省略掉的語詞，如主詞及受詞則需要還原回來，才能使其英文譯句符合英語文法，此乃是常態化策略。此外，為了減少東、西方文化所導致的跨文化溝通障礙，譯者可改寫文化辭彙與典故籤題，並增加註解及詮釋，以彰顯這些字彙及詞句之內隱訊息及文化意涵，此乃是明朗化策略。簡言之，使用簡單化、常態化及明朗化之策略，以進行籤詩中英翻譯，乃是為了聯結籤詩翻譯與實用目的之關係，並藉由功能等值觀點（非靜態的語言等值觀點）來選擇合宜的翻譯策略，以揭櫫「目的導向」翻譯詩論（the purpose－oriented　poetics）的明確型範。

This article proposes a purpose-oriented translation poetics. For effective communication that helps foreigners easily understand the intended message, the author recommends that the strategies of simplification, normalization andexplicitation be used to translate metaphors, culture-specific items and allusive titles of Taiwan's lottery poetry. These three strategies have been identified by Baker (1995) as three universal features of translational language in her corpusbased translation studies. As they are ideal for the translation of some literarydevices of lottery poetry, they are synthesized into strategic guidelines for the purpose-oriented translation poetics.Difficult-to-understand classical Chinese diction can be simplified and translated into plain everyday English—the simplification strategy. Missing linguistic components such as subjects and objects in lottery poetry can be restored to render English translation grammatically accurate—the normalization strategy. In addition, to reduce East–West intercultural miscommunication resulting from cultural differences, paraphrase and addition of notes or explanations are recommended to explicate all implicit meanings and cultural connotations in the English translation—the explicitation strategy. In short, set within the framework of functional equivalence, not linguistic equivalence, purpose-oriented translation poetics is proposed as a way to map out a pragmatic paradigm for the Chinese-to-English translation of Taiwan's lottery poetry.