親近中國？去中國化？從晚清香港「總督」的翻譯到解殖民「特首」的使用

To Embrace Chinese? To De-Sinicize? The Translation of the Term “Governor” in Late Qing Period and the Use of the Term “Chief Executive” in Post-Colonial Hong Kong

英國管治香港的156 年殖民歷史，隨著1997 到來而終結。自1980 年起，為順利回歸，香港政治架構作出多樣改變。當中不少的改變，是為了適應新的政治現實情形，譬如，在 1997 年後以雙語訂立法律條文，讓中文同樣具有法定語言地位；但同時，卻有不少政治架構的變遷，是為了去殖民化的目的。譬如基本法160 條規定「總督」、「總督會同行政局」、「布政司」、「律政司」，在97 後都必須相應更改。在改變的過程中，不少人認為這等更替純粹在技術層面，只涉及詞彙的修改而已。本文從翻譯研究角度，以英國殖民政治架構中最具代表性，又在殖民管治制度上最具權威的「總督」作考察對象，追溯governor 作為總督作為對譯語的由來，指出這等表面上帶有殖民標誌的符號，實來自中國傳統官制。只是西政東漸於香港社會之時，由傳教士利用同化策略移植此等術語。本文最後帶出，若不審歷史，不知翻譯在歷史當中的角色，本來的初衷是為了親近中國，卻落得盲目去殖、自我殖民，產生相反效果。

The 156 years of British colonial rule (1842-1997) finally ended when thesovereignty over Hong Kong was returned to China in 1997. Since 1980, manynew policies had been introduced in Hong Kong for the purpose of smoothingthe process of handover. Some of the policies were introduced out ofconsideration for new political circumstances. Others were launched with thehidden agenda of erasing colonial history. The implementation of Chinese asan official medium of communication in the judicial system reflects the former,whereas the change of the Chinese titles of government officials reflectsthe latter. Many translation issues were involved in these so-called localizationpolicies. In this regard, the change of Chinese titles for government officials inHong Kong is a subject worthy of study.The Chinese titles of major government officials in colonial Hong Kongwere actually taken over from those of Imperial China. Therefore, they aremarks of Chinese imperial history rather than British colonial history. However,for the apparent propose of erasing colonial history, these proper Chinese titleswere changed to newly coined Chinese titles that are not found in Chinese history.The aim of this paper is to use the issue of translation as an example todemonstrate that in the decolonization process of Hong Kong, as in that ofmany other colonized countries which intended to break with their colonialpast, many decolonizing policies were actually self-defeating in purpose.