校園霸凌者諮商介入的挑戰與突破

Challenges and Solutions in Counseling the Bully

常霸凌者是被懲處的對象，較少進入諮商服務的系統。近兩三年來，校園霸凌事件受到媒體與教育當局的高度關注，學校教育人員意識到霸凌行為可能是心理困擾的外在表徵，因此逐漸將之轉介接受心理諮商介入。霸凌者並非同質性的族群，有其變異性與特殊性，致使諮商人員在協助過程中容易遭遇專業的挑戰，但是在國內殊少有實徵研究關注到此議題。為了深究此議題，研究者遵循建構主義的研究典範，邀請十位具有六年以上實際協助霸凌者的諮商師接受1-2次的訪談，以紮根理論的開放編碼進行文本的協同分析，並以信實性作為研究品質的檢核標準。分析結果共彙整出五個範疇，依序為「霸凌者諮商關係與歷程的挑戰」、「脆弱的家庭功能」、「部分教師的霸凌者輔導知能不足」、「行政的限制與不當要求」、「校園霸凌者諮商的專業突破」，顯示目前的霸凌者諮商介入雖然初見成效，但是仍面臨諸多瓶頸，本研究亦彙整受訪者所嘗試的可能突破之道。文末，研究者針對研究結果進行討論，並提出未來研究與實務工作的建議。

The miss behaviors of bully were typically punished by the school authorities but not bring into the notice of counseling service system. Currently, more number of offensive behavior events by the bully was been reported to mass media which made the school authorities get aware that these expressed behaviors could be partly caused by mental distress. This made them to send the bully to undergo counseling to rectify their delinquent conducts. It is always being challenging to the counselors as the different bully clines exhibit or posses varied behavior and mental attitudes. On the same lines, despite in having the few empirical studies on this issue from the counseling perspective, the content of real challenges and possible solutions in counseling the bully are elusive. In order to clarify this issue, I followed the constructivism paradigm and adopted open coding process of grounded theory to collect and analyze data. Ten senior counselors who were well experienced in counseling the bully clients were interviewed. The qualities of results met the criterion of trustworthiness. The study results help us to classify the challenges and the possible solutions in 5 categories: (l) challenges occurred during the counseling procedure as a new relationship, (2) vulnerability of family functions, (3) lack of suitable knowledge in teachers to tackle mental attitude of bully, (4) School administration policies which are interrupting the process of counseling performance of counselor, (5) possible solutions for bully counseling. The results emphasizes its progression in put forward the bully in the counseling system for his betterment, but there are still many barriers need to be conquered. Ultimately the summarized results upon discussion allowed me to propose selective suggestions for the future researches and counselors for their clinical practices.