非行原因認知與非行預測對非行青少年嚴懲化態度之影響模式：以台灣、日本一般市民為樣本

Causal Attribution, Prediction of Juvenile Crime, and Positive Attitude toward Punitive to Juvenile Crime: The Japanese and Taiwanese Sample

在針對歐美一般市民所做的先行研究中發現：非行的個人原因認知會強化受試者對非行少年的嚴懲化態度；相反的，環境原因認知則會弱化嚴懲化態度。但是在戴伸峰、大淵憲一（2006, 2007）的研究中卻發現，屬於東亞社會的一般市民在面對非行少年嚴懲化議題時，環境原因認知亦強化了嚴懲化態度。因此本研究合併台灣台中以及日本仙台之一般市民為樣本進行研究，並加入非行預測因子後進行迴歸分析。本研究發現，台灣以及日本之一般市民在面對少年非行嚴懲化議題時，除了個人原因認知會強化其對嚴懲化政策的支持度外，部分環境原因認知（學校因素、地域環境因素、大社會因素）也同樣會強化一般市民對少年非行的嚴懲化態度。本研究以文化心理學以及處罰理論的角度進行探討並提出：屬於集團主義傾向較強的台灣以及日本一般市民，在面對少年非行等危害社會治安的偏差行為時，比起個人主義傾向較強的歐美一般市民更為強調環境以及團體所必須承擔的犯罪預防功能。因此當他們預測少年非行會增加或惡化時，一般市民不但傾向對非行少年本身進行嚴懲，也希望透過更為嚴格的環境控制方法或是政策來達到少年非行的預防以及控制。

According to previous studies in the western society, dispositional causal attributions prompted people’s punitive attitudes; on the other hand, environmental causal attributions restrained them. However, the present study analyzed the relationships between casual attribution and punitive attitudes toward juvenile delinquency by the East Asian samples in Japan and Taiwan. found that not only dispositional causal attributions but also some environmental causes of the family, the school, the community, and the society domain prompted people's punitive attitudes toward juvenile delinquency. We suggest that this diversity may reflect the culture differences between the western and the eastern society. That is, the indivisualism people tend to emphasize personality problems of the youth and tend to blame the youth; on the other hand, people who have strong collectivism value emphasize environmental causes more, and they tend to emphasize the prevention function of environment in order to reduce youth crime.