由鹿特丹規則論我國海商法貨物運送修正之方向

Examining the Amendments of ROC Maritime Law Governing Carriage of Goods by Sea based on the Rotterdam Rules

我國於 1999 年修正海商法時係參酌 1968 年海牙威士比規則修正貨物運送相關規定。但是由於近年來貨櫃運輸與多式聯運之發展，運送人亦面臨國際間對提升海上運送安全及運輸效率之要求，電子商務亦成為趨勢。而有待國際統一規則予以規範，鹿特丹規則乃因運而生，面臨此等改變，有必要探討是否可借鏡鹿特丹規則修正我國海商法相關規定。惟鹿特丹規則中多數條文為我國海商法所無，其中亦不乏具爭議性的規定，故在短期內似不易廣為接受。本文探討鹿特丹規則相關規範之適用性，分析鹿特丹規則與我國海商法規範之差異分析，包括鹿特丹規則之擴大其適用範圍、對運送人義務及責任之修正、配合國際貨物運送實務之新規範，並提出我國未來海商法修正方向之建議。

The carriage of goods by sea in ROC Maritime Law was amended in 1999 based on the 1968 Hague-Visby Rules. But newly shipping practices in international trades emerge in recent years, including door-to-door multimode service, the safety and efficiency requirement of maritime transport, and the use of electronic transport documents. The Rotterdam Rules are then proposed to provide uniform rules for promoting international trades and maritime transport. Based on the changes of these shipping practices, this paper discusses the applicability of the relevant contents in the Rotterdam Rules and compares the Rules with ROC Maritime Law. These issues include the scope of the Rules, and the statutory obligations, exceptions, and limitation of carriers' liability. Several suggestions for the amendments of ROC Maritime Law are provided.