寒山及其詩在宋代禪林的迴響：以禪師的引用為中心

Citation of Poems of Hanshan by Chan Buddhism Monks in Song Dynasty and Their Poetic Interpretation

從今所見之禪宗文獻可知，宋代禪師於上堂開示或師徒對話中經常引用寒山及其詩，作為提點機鋒的話頭引子或傳達一己悟境的代語。顯見宋代禪師對寒山詩的熟稔、內化和認同，將之納入宗門語料系統中，成為內部共通理解的語境。從接受的視野來看，宋代禪林對寒山詩的運用，研究重點已由作者／作品中心，移轉到讀者；作為具有詮釋能力的主體，宋代禪師對寒山詩的引用，其實是透過自身參禪的體驗來理解和運用寒山詩，使意蘊產生進一步的轉化或延伸。本文著重於挖掘宋代禪師把寒山詩放入其說法或參禪的語境中，所衍生或新創的對話語意，分別從運用寒山詩作為參禪悟道的機鋒話語，和作為對悟境的暗指兩面視角，討論禪師引用寒山詩所欲召喚的內在意蘊，從而使其詩意愈加豐富的歷程所展現的思維方式和精神意蘊作更深入的討論。藉此觀察宋代禪門各宗以引用寒山詩代指禪師所欲傳達的機鋒或悟境的共通語用傾向，作為寒山詩在宋代傳播與接受的一個側面理解。

According to the existing literature of Chan Buddhism monks in Song Dynasty, Chan Buddhism monks tended to quote the verses of Hanshan in class or in conversations between master and apprentice or mention Hanshan himself as an introductory remark of master-apprentice conversation or as the representative to convey self-enlightenment. This finding suggests that Chan Buddhism monks were familiar with, and internalized and identified themselves with the poems of Hanshan, and included them in the literary system of Chan as the context jointly understood in Chan. This study investigates the application of poems of Hanshan by Chan Buddhism Monks in Song Dynasty from the accepted view. The research focus is changed from author/works-centered perspective to reader-centered perspective. As the subject with the ability to interpret, Chan Buddhism monks applied poems of Hanshan based on their own experiences to further transform or extend the meanings of such poems. Therefore, this study focuses on uncovering the derived or newly created dialogue semantics of poems of Hanshan applied by Chan Buddhism Monks to their dialogues or Chan context to observe the interpretations of poems of Hanshan formed due to dissemination in Song Dynasty. Firstly, this study intends to understand the relationship between the meanings that Chan Buddhism monks intend to convey by citing poems and the principle of not to reveal in Chan. Secondly, this study intends to investigate the inner meaning of Chan Buddhism monks' citation of poems of Hanshan from two perspectives, ontology and theory of Gong Fu. The former perspective is the implication of enlightenment, while the latter one is the eloquent words of Chan investigation. This study intends to understand the function and inner meaning of citation of poems of Hanshan in Chan in Song Dynasty.