論被保險人於合理注意義務下之不實說明

Study on the Misrepresentation of Insured under Reasonable Care

二○一二年四月英國國會通過消費者保險（告知暨說明）法，於去年（二○一三）四月六日施行。該法改變海上保險法被保險人主動告知暨說明義務，要求被保險人於合理注意義務下為據實說明。按我國保險法第六十四條規定要保人（被保險人）對於保險人之書面詢問應據實說明，若要保人（被保險人）故意隱匿、過失遺漏或為不實說明，保險人得解除保險契約，惟要保人（被保險人）據實說明義務應至何種程度卻難以認知。本文擬以台灣高等法院一○○年度保險上字第三十五號判決為開端，並以我國法暨英國新法規定合理注意之據實說明義務加以討論。

United Kingdom Parliament has passed Consumers Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act on April, 2012, and soon enter into force at April 6th, 2013. The Act change the situation which insured should actively disclosure and represent all information to insurer in Marine Insurance Act 1906. Instead, Consumers Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act ask insured to represent in accordance with reasonable care. According to Taiwan Insurance Act section 64, insured should honestly represent to the written inquiry which insurer offered, if Insured willfully conceal, or negligent misrepresent, insurer may avoid the insurance contract. But how widely the insured representation obligation should be? It is hard to recognize. In this paper, we intend to take Taiwan High Court Pao-Sian Shang Tsu No. 35 (2011) as beginning, try to discuss the difference between Taiwan Insurance Act and United Kingdom Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act.