《六朝麗指》氣韻論及其與駢文創作關係之考察

Understanding, Application and Explanation: The Research on the Theory of Qiyun in Liu Chao Li Zhi and Its Relation with Literary Creation of Paralleled Prose

孫德謙著《六朝麗指》，極力推崇六朝文為典範，以彰顯六朝駢文應有的地位，其中「氣韻」正是最為凸顯的美學特徵，也是全書文學論述的核心觀點之一。他不僅提出六朝文重氣韻的整體美感現象，也根據實際文例分析氣韻的創作重點及表現方式，頗見其獨特觀點，這對於六朝文章體貌的理解而言，當可有些許裨益。
本論文首先針對氣、韻及氣韻的意義與觀念做簡要辨析，並探討氣韻所代表的文學特質；其次根據孫德謙的觀點，分析六朝文之體貌，以具體詮釋所謂「氣韻幽閒，風神散蕩」的特質；最後則探討氣韻與句式手法之間關係，如巧用虛字，穿插於句中調節，以添動宕之美；駢散兼用，活絡純粹駢體的僵滯體式，以暢疏逸之氣；潛氣內轉，使文理於內在的開合轉折中，依然銜承自如，故文氣自能疏緩而不迫促；另外則是利用斷字訣、岔入句、足句法、收縮法等，使語意表達更有迂迴曲折的效果，以曲盡抑揚之妙。凡此足見六朝文章頗具靈動、充滿生氣的一面，對於今日重新審視六朝文學的價值而言，甚有借鑒意義，而長期以來駢體過於重視形式而導致僵滯、冗弱之評價，也可藉以獲得進一步的釐清與理解。

In his book, Liu Chao Li Zhi, Sun De Qian highly praised the Six dynasties’ articles, highlighting the significance of its paralleled prose. Among it, Qiyun was the most prominent characteristic and also the key focus of the literary discussion. He not only pointed out the articles' literary style appearance, but also indicated specific examples to analyze how the literature was displayed. He expressed his distinct point of view through a comprehensive study of the Six dynasties’ articles.
First, this study analyzes the concept of Qiyun and the distinct characteristic that it represents. Second, the distinguishing feature of the Six dynasties’ articles is interpreted according to Sun De Qian’s point of view. Finally, the relation between Qiyun and other sentences structures is discussed to show the energy and colorful aspect of the Six dynasties’articles.