從《古今說海》的版本差異論清代處理違礙字詞政策的發展——以嘉靖本、文淵閣本、文津閣本和道光本「說選部」為討論範疇

Exploring Policies Governing Taboo Words in Qing Dynasty from Differences of “Gu Jin Shuo Hai”: Based on Various Versions of “Shuo Xuan Bu”

明朝嘉靖二十三年，雲間陸氏儼山書院家刻刊行的《古今說海》，因「說選部」作品有詆毀夷風陋俗之論，因此清乾隆間纂修《四庫全書》時，除禁毀其部分子目書外，還對其違礙字詞進行改竄。由於文淵閣和文津閣本之改竄處及方式並未一致，甚至還有前後矛盾情形，知四庫人員評定違礙字詞的標準不一；在處理違礙問題時，或先釐清違礙字詞的內涵，至其改易方式，則只給予原則性的參考，是乾隆朝時禁毀情形之大略。然而道光間邵松巖重刊《古今說海》時，卻得能按照原樣雕版刊刻，這不僅因為漢滿逐漸融合後，民族歧視問題不再那樣敏感，對違礙字詞的敏感度銳減。且當時誨淫、誨盜的小說戲曲猖獗，為整頓世風、轉移人心，清廷查禁改以此類圖書為主。益以酉山堂採取影刻刊行，獲得版本學家顧廣圻的推薦，提供為《古今說海》的品質保證，同時得見清廷不同時期處理違礙字詞的差別。

In Ming Jiajin year 23, the “Shuo Xuan Bu” in “Gu Jin Shuo Hai” - printed by Yanshan College - indicated the undesirable customs of barbarians. When compiling the “Si Ku Quan Shu” during Qing Qianlong period, some of its subdivisions were banned and its taboo words were also edited. Wenyuan Ge and Wenjin Ge did not agree on what the edits were and there were various discrepancies, indicating that Siku officials did not have a consistent standard in judging taboo words. In dealing with taboo matters, the first step was to clarify the implications of taboo words. As to the editing method, only principled reference was given. This was the general banning policy during the Qianlong period. However, when “Gu Jin Shuo Hai” was republished in Daoguang period, Shao Song Yan edited in accordance with the original version. This was possible because the gradual merging of Manchurian and Chinese caused declining sensitivity towards racial discrimination and taboo words.