呂韻清、高劍華生平考辨：兼論清末民初女小說家的形成

A Study of the Biography of Lü Yunqing, Gao Jianhua and the Formation of Late-Qing and Republican Female Writers

清末民初，女小說家逐漸在文壇嶄露頭角，她們的作品，或者刊登在報刊雜誌，或者以單行本問世，也有的多次再版，引起不少讀者迴響。然而直到今天，這些女小說家的事蹟、作品，多數已經在時間的洪流中被沖刷殆盡，學界很少有人注意到她們，有一些研究者因而認為中國女小說家，要晚到五四時期才浮出歷史地表。資料的湮埋不彰，造成了現今學界的認知貧乏。事實上，清末「新小說」開始繁盛不久，女作家的小說便已經加入時代新潮，開始為婦女權益發聲，也殷殷以革新女界自期。當翻譯小說盛行於清季，女作家也很快加入這一行列，以小說翻譯為志業。當職業化現象出現在男作家身上時，也有女作家據此為業，藉謀生計。可惜現今學界，包括近現代文學史的書寫者，往往嚴重忽視了女作家的存在。資料的散佚寡存，也反映了學界與文壇一向重男輕女的慣習。本文選擇清末民初兩位女作家為題，嘗試運用有限的資料，勾勒她們的生平概貌，並藉由這兩位女作家為例，從中鉤稽女小說家的形成契機或因素，希望有助於揭開籠罩在清末民初女小說家身上的歷史黑紗。

During the late Qing period, female fiction writers began to surface and gain readers' attention. However, due to a lack of records, some hold the view that female writers did not appeared until the May Fourth period. But in fact, women began participating in writing and translating literary works at the turn of the twentieth century. The loss of female writers' biographical information reveals how gender prejudice was extensive in academic circles, with female writers often ignored in literary histories. This article establishes the facts related to the lives of two female writers through available biographical documents. In addition, we will reconsider the significance of female writers at the turn of the twentieth century and look into the direction of future female writers.