創業精神與大學發展

Study on Entrepreneurship and Development of Universities

本文之目的在於瞭解近來影響大學經營管理之創業精神，及其與大學之間的發展關係。為達此，本文首先探討創業精神的意涵，繼之從歷史脈絡來探尋大學與創業精神之關係，並分析現代大學走向創業精神的背景，包括大學與產業間從他利到互利的關係、大學面臨自籌財源的壓力、市場運作思維的引進與應用、學術資本論的興起，及大學對區域經濟發展的責任。本文最後根據研究結果提出結論，並從組織特性及機會而提出對大學在發展上的啟示，包括創業精神可作為一種組織轉型的推動力，以及提供大學更多發展的機會與面向。

This paper aims to analyze the entrepreneurship and development of universities. The meaning of entrepreneurship will be probed firstly, and the relationship between entrepreneurship and university will be tracked historically as well. Moreover, some factors to promote contemporary universities toward being entrepreneurial are also explored: the mutual-beneficial relation between university and industry; the pressures on universities to earn funding; the application of marketization; the rise of academic capitalism, and the responsibility for regional economic development. It ends with a sketch of the main implications for the development of university in terms of the characters of organization and opportunities, i.e. entrepreneurship serves as a motivation of organizational transformation and can provide more opportunities and dimensions for development of universities.