精神病患與扮裝行動分析《一個無政府主義者的意外死亡》的喜劇人物及結構   全文下載

Psychotic and Makeup Action Analysis of the Comic Character and Structure of the Accidental Death of An Anarchist

本文分三節討論《一個無政府主義者的意外死亡》的深層意涵，從「類型化人物：喜劇人物之功能分析」，分析達利歐•弗的人物，如何繼承即興喜劇的優良傳統，在類型化角色上發揮主從鮮明、彼此抗衡的功能，創造民眾熟悉的感受。本文利用敘事學理論，解析即興喜劇服膺清楚的角色功能，在階級與善惡等作了區隔，卻在角色的依恃與拮抗之中，呈現超乎想像的喜劇效果。在「陌生化的人物：精神病患的啟示」一節，討論繼承即興喜劇傳統的同時，又加入創新的改變。他以瘋狂的精神病患為主角，以扮裝和假面創造出如真似幻、似假還真的政治舞台、人間舞台，營造出有審美距離的疏離感與驚異感，找出意外死亡之因，創造出獨樹一幟的「荒謬的真實」。第三節運用結構主義的觀點，探索「精神病患與喜劇結構」，利用精神病患的扮裝╱卸妝行動，分析、暴露政治問題，引起人們的思考，表露劇作家的社會關懷。弗利用精神病患與扮裝行動，製造類型化與陌生化的效果，證明他是一位善於塑造人物，並利用人物來勾勒情節、製造衝突，結構概念嚴整的優秀劇作家，完成了全民劇場的宏願。

The deep meaning of Accidental death of an Anarchist is analyzed in three parts respectively in this paper. In part one stylizing the character: analyzing the function of character in comedy, I reveal how Dario Fo in the fine tradition of improvisational comedy has created the familiar atmosphere and characters that are the spirit of his play and have performed the function of stylized character in the distinctive principal-subordinate hierarchy and the relationship of competing with each other. Being analyzed in the light of theory of narrative, the seemly improvisational comedy, which is saturated with reasonably imaginative humor, turns out be highly structured in the function setting and characterization. These characters are dependent on and competing with each other with distinctive characteristics in such respects as class, good vs. evil. In part two alienated character: revelation of the psychotic, I point out that in carrying forward the tradition of comedy Fo has made creative innovation which consist in taking the psychotic as hero who is insane and abnormal, creating the specious stage of politics and the world that is between reality and fiction. By virtue of makeup and mask Fo created aesthetic alienation which consists in estrangement and shocking experience and hence presented the unique absurd truth and the dialectic subject after the cause of accidental death is revealed. In part three psychotic and structure of comedy in terms of the theory of structuralism I intend to reveal how the playwright , with an incentive to stimulate the audience with his social concern, has analyzed and exposed the political issues by means of the makeup and its taking up of the psychotic. In all Fo brought about the effect of stylization and alienation by virtue of the psychotic and makeup action proved him to be an excellent playwright who, with a highly structured mind, is talented in shaping character, that is adequately used in plotting and creating conflicts. Thus in fulfilling the ambition of building national theater.