傳統或反叛?穆芙對馬克思主義階級認同的解構與重構

A Follower or a Dissent?-On Mouffe's Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Class Identity in Marxism

1985年，拉克勞與穆芙聯名發表《主導權與社會主義策略》一書，主張以民主革命來取代馬克思主義傳統的階級革命。並且，在書的導論當中，又自稱是「後馬克思主義」。結果，立刻引來部分左派陣營的批判，認為這其實是「告別馬克思主義」。本文擬以穆芙為焦點，從時代背景、方法論以及論證的基礎這三個層面著手，討論穆芙為何以及如何解構與重建階級認同，然後再嘗試回答穆芙主張以民主認同取代階級認同的做法究竟是依循馬克思主義的傳統，或是背離馬克思主義？

In 1985, Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau published their most contested work Hegemony & Socialist Strategy. In this book, they claimed that they were 'Post-Marxists' and proposed that the Left should replace the notion of class identity with that of democratic identity. After their proposition, Mouffe and Laclau suffer many criticisms from the Left. This article will focus on Mouffe on why and how to establish the democratic identity, and discuss whether she is a follower or a dissent in Marxism.