躍入邏格斯:高達美思想中的三個柏拉圖

Flight into the Logoi: Hans-Georg Gadamer's Three Platos

本文旨在談討高達美的柏拉圖詮釋。目前探討哲學詮釋學之有關二手文獻，大多將高達美有關柏拉圖的論述，與其詮釋學作分開處理，卻忽略唯有透過柏拉圖詮釋，才能對其哲學詮釋學的精髓有充分的掌握。高達美認為柏拉圖體現了結合理論與實踐的在世關懷。然而，在高達美的思想中，存在著三個柏拉圖：政治柏拉圖、辯證的柏拉圖與批判柏拉圖。政治的柏拉圖顯示高達美借用柏拉圖來諷刺納粹德國欲把語言私有激情化的企圖；辯證的柏拉圖則是高達美透過回溯到柏拉圖對話錄中的生動活潑、一來一往的對話，來揭示詮釋是一種與他者共同參與創造意義的過程；透過描繪批判的柏拉圖，高達美則認為柏拉圖藉由數學淨化語言的提議，為當代工具主義語言觀打了開端。於是，三種柏拉圖，三個語言面向，一同存在高達美對於柏拉圖的詮釋中。

The is a brief study of Hans-Georg Gadamer's major works on Plato. Most commentators on Gadamer's work separate his works on Plato from those on hermeneutics. This essay attempts to show that Gadamer's hermeneutics discloses itself in its most distinctive contours only in the light of his works on Plato. Gadamer argued that both the essentially open-ended and ethical character of Platonic philosophy are reflected in its dialectical form. Plato tells us that human beings are not gods and thus the life best for human beings has to be a life combining theoria and praxis. However, this article find out there are three Platos in Gadamer's thought: political Plato, dialectical Plato, and critical Plato. By interpreting political Plato, Gadamer actually intends to employ public reason to constrain The Third Reich's attempt to Privatization language. In dialectical Plato, Gadamer argued, that any true conversations do not proceed geometrico. Instead, we move back and forth, and it deals with different matters altogether. Through portraying critical Plato, Gadamer criticizes that Plato prefaces the Galilean-Cartesian mathematical understanding of language. Thus both three Platos and dimensions of language exist in Gadamer's work on Plato.