庇護工場下的勞動共同體：談南方女性身心障礙勞動者

Total Social Organization of Labor in the Sheltered Workshop: Talking about Female Labors with Disabilities in the Southern Taiwan

在資本主義社會下，每個人必須要「工作」成了一種意識形態。當資本主義社會排除障礙者的身體和心智，且障礙者無法依賴福利補助時，庇護工場成了異質的勞動空間。本文以障礙、性別、階級的交織觀點，採半結構式訪談與參與式觀察的研究方法，探究女性身心障礙者、主要照顧者、就服員和經營者的勞動身影。本文在訪談的過程中發現：一、女性身心障礙者在健常主義與父權體制下，面臨「教育資源的性別差異」、「庇護工場的性別配置」、「交通服務的區域與障礙差異」、「情慾的去性化」等社會處境，以致加劇了女性身心障礙者在性／別和貧窮的弱勢位置。二、女性身心障礙者在庇護工場工作時，面臨交織障礙類別、障礙狀態的差異。在此交織情境下，主要照顧者必須提供（再）生產的勞動。此外，女性身心障礙者在庇護工場習得有酬／無酬的工作技能，也會回歸到私領域家庭中，展現再生產勞動的能動性。因此，庇護工場的工作無法以公／私領域來劃分，女性身心障礙者與主要照顧者為一種勞動共同體的概念。

In a capitalist society, everyone must ''work'' has become an ideology. When the capitalist society removes the body and mind of the disabled, and the disabled cannot rely on welfare subsidies, the sheltered workshop becomes a heterogeneous working space. Based on the intersectionality viewpoints of disability, gender, and class, this article uses semi-structured interviews and participatory observation research methods to explore the working figures of women with disabilities, main caregivers, teachers and managers. This research found that: first, under the ableism and patriarchal system, women with disabilities face ''gender differences in educational resources'', ''gender allocation in sheltered workshops'', ''different areas and disabilities in transportation services'', and ''desexualization of erotic desires''. Social conditions have exacerbated the disadvantaged position of women with disabilities in sex, gender and poverty. Secondly, when working in sheltered workshops, women with disabilities face differences in disability/ states. In this intersectionality situation, the main caregiver must provide (re)productive labor. In addition, women with disabilities who acquire paid/ unpaid work skills in sheltered workshops will also return to the family, demonstrating the agency of reproductive labor. Therefore, the work of sheltered workshops cannot be divided into public/ private areas. Women with disabilities and their main caregivers are a concept of Total Social Organization of Labor.