高職身心障礙學生職涯發展能力現況檢核評估量表編製及其應用研究

The Study on the Development and Application of Vocational Career Development Current Competence Check-Assessment Scale for Vocational High School Students with Disabilities

本研究旨在發展一套具有信度、效度與常模參照且適用於高職身心障礙學生的職涯發展能力現況檢核評估量表，進而探討其應用成效。研究對象分為參與量表編製與應用的教師與學生。研究方法經由文獻探討與教師訪談來建立量表架構內涵，再以專家座談、內容效度審查等步驟編製預試題本，經預試取得173份有效樣本並透過項目分析和因素分析形成正式題目，經正式施測取得1098份有效樣本，所得量化資料以SPSS 25統計軟體進行資料處理及分析並建立常模，再進行教育現場的案例評估與教師自評之結果作比較，最後訪談教師對量表應用的滿意調查與提供寶貴建議。本研究結果歸納如下。
一、從量表建構的內容，包含了五大向度（自立生活、工作知識、工作態度、工作技能、職涯重要技能）、16項次領域（感官知覺、基礎認知、生活管理、社會參與、讀寫算應用、職業知能、職業安全、工作情緒、工作人格、工作倫理、身體動作與行動、精細協調、工作表現、基礎清潔技能、服務工作技能、事務與資訊應用）、104項內涵、137題的問卷題目。
二、所編製的「高職身心障礙學生職涯發展能力現況檢核評估量表」具有高的內容效度、建構效度、區別效度、內部一致性與評分者間的信度，可做為身心障礙學生職涯發展能力現況檢核的工具。
三、從正式問卷分析的結果，高職「不同年級」職涯能力差異之研究，高三學生優於高二，高二學生優於高一。高職「不同性別」職涯能力差異之研究，高一女生有多項職涯能力現況優於男生，高二女生在感官知覺、生活管理、讀寫算應用的能力優於男生，高三男生在身體動作與行動、精細協調的能力，優於女生。
四、從常模發展的結果，分別建置高一、高二、高三年級的「T分數」與「百分等級」常模，可以作為量表評估結果的參照並分類為「顯著低下」、「低下」、「臨界」、「正常」，作為篩檢標準之參考。
五、從量表應用的結果，可以依據量表評估的結果分析高職身心障礙學生之各項職涯發展能力的優弱勢，再從訪談教師的結果，教師在撰寫學生個別化教育計畫與實施職業輔導的成效皆有一致性的滿意度。

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, valid and norm-referenced check-assessment vocational career development current competence scale for vocational high school students with disabilities and explore the effectiveness of practical application in education. The research subjects were divided into teachers and students who participated in the development and application of the scale. The research method was divided into several steps. The first step was to construct the content of the scale structure through references discussion and teacher interviews. In the second step was to develop the preliminary test book through panel discussions, panel validity reviews. After pre-testing, 173 valid samples were obtained and formal questionnaires were formed through project analysis and factor analysis. After formal testing, 1098 obtained valid samples and the quantitative data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 25 statistical software. The results of the case-assessment and the teacher’s self-assessment were compared, and finally the teacher was interviewed to investigate the satisfaction of the scale application and provide valuable suggestions. The main results of this study were summarized as follows.
1. The content of the developed scale included five dimensions (independent life, work knowledge, work attitude, work skills, and vocational career important skills), 16 sub-fields (sensory perception, basic cognition, life management, social participation, literacy and arithmetic applications, occupational knowledge, occupational safety, work emotions, work personality, work ethics, body movements and actions, fine coordination, work performance, basic cleaning skills, service work skills, affairs and information applications), 104 contents, and 137 questionnaire questions.
2. The ’’Vocational Career Development Current Competence Check-Assessment Scale for Vocational High School Students with Disabilities’’ had good content validity, structure validity, and discriminative validity, as well as internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, which can be used as a tool to check for students’ current ability.
3. According to the results of formal questionnaire analysis, the study of the difference in vocational career ability of ’’different grades’’ and ’’different genders’’ showed that third-grade students were better than second-grade students, and second-grade students were better than first-grade students, and first-grade women had several vocational career abilities better than men, second-grade women were better than men in sensory perception, life management, literacy and arithmetic applications, and third-grade men were better than women in body movements and actions, and fine coordination.
4. Based on the results of norms development, the ’’T score’’ and ’’percentile rank’’ norms of first, second and third grade were established respectively, which could be used as a reference for the assessment results of the scale and classified as ’’significantly low’’, ’’low’’, ’’critical’’ and ’’normal’’ as a reference for screening standards.
5. From the results of the application of the scale for vocational high school students with disabilities, the advantages and disadvantages of various vocational career abilities can be analyzed according to the results of the scale evaluation. Meanwhile, from the results of teachers’ interview, teachers have consistent satisfaction with the effectiveness of writing students’ individualized education plans and implementing career counseling.