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篇名
東林之外的聲音:《吾徵錄》所見晚明士人群體對朝堂政局的回應及其意義(1610-1625)
並列篇名
The Voices Beyond Donglin: Responses of Late Ming Scholars to Court Politics as Seen in Wu Zheng Lu and Their Significance
作者 謝曉東
中文摘要

成書於奏疏彙刊編輯風尚中的《吾徵錄》一書是晚明士人吳玄長期反思黨爭的結果。該書集中反映了萬曆末至天啟前期東林之外士人群體的許多共識性政治主張,其中包括:強調吏部用人的合法性與公平用人的重要性;反思言路內部攻訐,並凸顯科道相較於庶官的監察職能;呼籲閣臣發揮主持政務的角色,而非折衷調停黨爭各派。這些主張均以尋求無黨化的朝堂政治為目標。通過比較可知,晚明閣部院大臣與君主對公平用人、整肅言路和閣臣調停等議題的關注和終極訴求與東林之外士人並無明顯不同,只是由於彼此政治身分的差異導致在實踐層面產生分歧。研究《吾徵錄》的意義在於,首先,它為集中考察晚明朝堂東林以外的政治聲音提供可能;其次,晚明東林之外士人群體與主政者在用人、言路與閣臣職責方面的共識與分歧,既體現了東林之外士人對晚明政治的秩序化追索,也反映出其曲折的進程。對《吾徵錄》的個案挖掘,有助於學者反思並突破黨爭/東林史觀籠罩下的晚明政治史研究。

英文摘要

Wu Zheng Lu, compiled during a period when memorial collections were popular, was the result of the late Ming scholar Wu Xuan’s long-term reflection on factional conflicts. It reflects several political opinions that were shared by many non-Donglin scholars from the late Wanli to the early Tianqi period. These included an emphasis on the legitimacy of personnel appointments within government ministries and the importance of fair appointments; the need to reconsider the internal attacks among speaking officials and strengthen the supervisory role of the censors in comparison to other bureaucrats; and a belief that the grand secretaries should be urged to take a leading role in governmental affairs, rather than merely acting as mediators in factional disputes. These positions were all aimed at a depoliticization of the court. A comparison shows that the late Ming ministers and the emperors had similar concerns and ultimately made demands for fair appointments, the rectification of the discourse on remonstration, and the mediation role of the grand secretaries. However, differences in practice arose due to their divergent political identities. The significance of studying Wu Zheng Lu lies first in its focus on political voices outside of the Donglin faction in the late Ming court. Second, it reveals the agreements and disagreements between non-Donglin scholars and those in power regarding personnel appointments, the avenues through which criticism was possible, and the responsibilities of the grand secretaries. It therefore demonstrates the non-Donglin scholars’ pursuit of political order in the late Ming and the complexities of this project. The study of Wu Zheng Lu provides researchers with the opportunity to critically reflect on and transcend the factionalism and Donglin-centered historical perspectives that have dominated research on late Ming political history.

起訖頁 095-143
關鍵詞 晚明政治東林之外士人吏部言路內閣黨爭東林史觀Politics in Late MingNon-Donglin scholarsthe factionalismDonglin-centric historical perspective
刊名 明代研究  
期數 202512 (45期)
出版單位 中國明代研究學會
該期刊-上一篇 典範的形塑:明代成、弘年間名臣言行錄的收輯與剪裁
該期刊-下一篇 明末景德鎮瓷器題記詩歌中的器用與生產策略──以唐宋詩歌為例
 

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