In 2024, a proposed amendment to the Satellite Broadcasting Act by opposition legislators sparked renewed debate. This article investigates the complex dimensions of the 2024 proposed amendments to the Satellite Broadcasting Act, analyzes the structural and institutional factors driving these issues, and evaluates possible regulatory and policy reforms to address the evolving challenges facing the media sector. This study adopts an interpretive exploratory approach, integrating theoretical perspectives and diverse stakeholder views. Through focus group interviews and thematic analysis, the study identifies key structural problems and proposes policy recommendations: (1) at the market structure level, regulatory failure has led to market failure. This paper recommends promoting media diversity and preventing monopolization; (2) at the licensing review level, unclear principles in license application and renewal increase the risk of regulatory capture. The study recommends clear and accountable review procedures; (3) regarding ownership, television news channels are at risk of being used as tools for rent-seeking. The study calls for financial transparency and safeguards for journalistic professionalism; (4) at the funding level, news outlets are increasingly dependent on government-sponsored content, and this study calls for policy protection for media professionalism.
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